Quality of life to Ansianos
Introduction
The elderly are attributed features of minorities, also in the level of the recognition of their civil and political rights and stereotypes and mythsocially in force. Two types of separation have been described: social and psychological. The theory of separation has worked as "self-fulfill.
This description of the phenomenon is denied by the fact that in many Latin American countries, an important proportion of people over 65 continues as productive actors of the economic system. ECLAC data show the influence and determination of the economic system in relation to the maintenance of older adults in the production process. In Chile, Uruguay and Argentina the importance of the active sector of the group of 60 to 64 years can be explained why legal retirement for men begins at age 65.
Developing
The difference in the situation between these three countries and Honduras in terms of assets in the range of 65 years and more, may be due to the fact that the economy of that country is mainly agrarian and that peasants tend to remain in the workplaceUntil an age more advanced than urban workers. Both in Chile and Argentina there was a change between 1990 and 2000, with a significant increase in the 65 -year -old and more years assets. The above can be explained by labor market fluctuations.
These figures show that the participation of the elderly in the labor field is not a static and uniform phenomenon, but depends on the economic structure, economic processes, social practices and state politics. Faced with these myths, cultural images begin to develop that express a positive vision of old age, such as a time of recreation, creativity, deployment of potentialities, a time when wisdom is reached. The term active aging was adopted by WHO in the late 90s.
With the intention of transmitting a more complete message than healthy aging. The activity can be the central characteristic of an old age or style. Stay active is the key to maintaining the sense of utility and adjusting successfully to life during the elderly age. Age is a relative concept, because there is the possibility that the elderly work and that, they are active for many years. Active aging is the process of optimization of health, participation and security opportunities in order to improve the quality of life as people age.
It applies to individuals such as population groups. It allows people to make their potential for physical, social and mental well -being throughout their vital cycle and participate in society according to their needs, desires and abilities. Maddox argues that old must remain active as much time as possible, and that when certain activities are no longer possible, substitutes must be sought for them. Active and healthy aging is able to enjoy the last stage of life in economic and personal safety conditions.
With active participation in family and social life and with a good perception of one’s health. This concept is relatively new, since old age has always been seen as a state of deterioration that precedes death. Active aging is also linked to the concept of quality of life. Often, in government programs or projects not only add more years to life but more quality to those years. On the other hand, in health agencies the issue of healthy lifestyles has been developed, largely conditioned on the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases (ECNT).
The quality of life includes the personal perception of satisfaction and happiness, the person’s relationship with their social environment and their economic capacity and position to acquire the satisfiers that allow their needs. The concept of healthy lifestyle, is more restricted, but can be incorporated into the quality of life. The quality of life in old age has to do with economic security and social inclusion that is ensured through support and social networks infrastructure. All this will promote the participation of age people as active members of the community.
One of whose roles can be to convey their experiences to the younger generations, while understanding their lifestyle and the challenges that are their own. The quality of life in dependent old age necessarily implies social and family support to people who wish to continue living in the community, being family careful, so that they can continue to do so, while still developing all their potential until the last moment. The quality of life is the product of the dynamic interaction between the external conditions of an individual and the internal perception of these conditions.
An operational concept of quality of life must contain so much subjective aspects;valuations, judgments, feelings;as objectives;services that the person has, income level and others. These subjective components and objectives of the quality of life lead to the methodological problem of the quality of life that must also be multimetodic, that is, it requires the application of various instruments to apprehend both aspects. You can synthesize the concept of quality of life as a historical cultural construct, which occurs in each society and that can be specific to different social groups.
In particular this concept can be applied to the elderly. This concept includes objective elements linked to the satisfaction of needs. At the same time, it includes subjective, both cognitive and emotional elements. The quality of life and functionality during old age are directly related to the opportunities and deprivations that have been had during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Lifestyles, exposure to risk factors and the possibilities of access to health promotion.
Prevention and recovery of the disease in the course of life, constitute important aspects when evaluating the quality of life and functionality of the elderly. In a broad sense, lifestyles are socially and culturally contextualized and can only become intelligible within the framework of the individual and collective history of health and disease processes. In this dimension, the individual styles of living life feed on the conditions under which there is, in a group, in a society, at one time in history.
Lifestyles as part of a collective and social dimension comprise three interrelated aspects: the material, the social and the ideological. In the material, the lifestyle is characterized by manifestations of material culture: housing, food and costumes. In the social, according to social forms and structures: type of family, kinship groups, social networks of support and support systems such as institutions and associations and in the ideological level, life styles are expressed through ideas.
Values and beliefs that determine the answers or behaviors to the different events of life. Lifestyles include the presence of risk factors and/or protective factors for well -being and health, so they must be seen as a dynamic process that is not only composed of individual actions or behaviors, but also of actions ofsocial nature. On a personal and psychosocial level, some indicators can be mentioned: to have a sense of life, life objectives;Maintain self – esteem, sense of belonging and identity.
Maintain self-management, self-management and desire to learn;provide affection and maintain social and family integration;have satisfaction with life;a satisfactory affective and sexual life;solidarity, tolerance and negotiation;self-care capacity;free time occupation;communication and participation at family and social level;Participate in welfare, health, education, cultural, recreational, economic security programs, among others. Health was defined by WHO as full physical, psychic and social well -being, and in relation to the elderly.
Health is defined as the maintenance of the functional capacity of the elderly more than as the absence of diseases. Aging is a physiological process present throughout adult life and that is progressively accentuated with the increase in age, whose main characteristic is the progressive limitation of the functional abilities and competences of adaptation and interaction of the human being with its environmentbiological, physical, psychological and social. The elderly, if it is socially and intellectually active, can be considered healthy.
Even when you have a chronic disease and be drinking drugs. Functional capacity increases during childhood and reaches the maximum in the early years of adult life, declining below. However, the rhythm of the decline is largely determined by adult lifestyle factors. Therefore, it can be influenced by the acceleration of this decline and making it reversible at any age through both individual and public health measures. Aging has a biographical connotation, dynamic.
It is the continuous accumulation of several social, behavioral and biological processes that are expressed in a series of transitions of the state of health until death. Changes in lifestyles aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors for many diseases associated with aging can influence the age of the beginning of these diseases. Aging is associated with a progressive biological deterioration and increased health problems, resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, which include lifestyles, eating habits.
Physical activity and presence of disease. All individuals experience age -related changes. At the same time there is great variability within the elderly population in regard to correspondence between chronological and physiological age. The aging process is related to various chronic diseases, defined as long -lasting processes that rarely cure. These, often have direct consequences on the quality of life, including effects on eating habits and, consequently, on the nutritional status of the individual.
Based on epidemiological data, it is known that the most prevalent chronic diseases in the population that ages are arthritis, arterial hypertension, and diabetes. The most large proportion will correspond to noncommunicable diseases. Hypertension indices and the prevalence of diabetes increase rapidly in the developing world. Circulatory diseases and cancer are already the main causes of mortality in Chile, Argentina, Cuba, Uruguay and parts of Asia.
conclusion
The absence of depression is the main indicator of well -being and mental health of the population that ages. The increase in depressive symptomatology has been associated with higher rates of somatic diseases, greater functional disabilities, and greater use of health care resources.46. Of 15.4% of affected individuals between 65 and 69, the percentage of depressed people increases to 22.8% in those 85 years old or more. In all age groups women are more affected than men.
The adoption of healthy lifestyles and active participation in self-care are important at all stages of the vital course. Proper physical activity, healthy eating, not smoking, and moderate consumption of alcohol and medicines in old age can avoid disability and functional decline, prolong longevity and improve one’s quality of life.
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