Prevalence of chickens onphalitis
Summary
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of making the importance of diagnosing epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of abphalitis caused in BBS chickens, since this is one of the main diseases that economically affect the poultry sector causing animal mortality, growth delay etc., With this we can make known what the prevention and control measures would be in the fields that are necessary either on farms or incubator.
Keyword: Onphalitis, pathogenesis, animal mortality, growth delay.
Introduction
The main diseases caused by the high degree of mortality in birds during the first week is onphalitis or also known as sick belly. It is a non -contagious infectious pathology. (Garza, 2014).This pathology has a wide distribution in the world where it is presented when there are incubators in inappropriate conditions, or also in another one occurs in inadequate management in the collection and disinfection of fertile eggs.
At the time of chicken reception, the first thing that is visualized is the quality of the same to be able to realize the quality of work that was done in the incubator.
Developing
This disease has problems in all countries by attacking fattening chickens. There are two certain factors in the presence of onphalitis: defects or mismanagement in the incubator and pathogens that have been poorly controlled the presence of these two together delays the healing and favors the entry of the infection.
Chickens onphalitis has synonyms for infection in vitelino sack, sick navel and soft chicken disease.
This inflammation of the navel with abnormal persistence of the Vitelino sack, is a non -contagious infectious disease, which has high presentation and lethality, is given by inappropriate management and disinfection of the egg, is present in the first days of the chick’s life. (Arantxxa, 2014). Another author also calls this disease as a bacterial infection of the navel suffering from birds, when there is no correct closure of the umbilical hole after birth and they are the main routes to penetrate bacteria. The surviving birds have a growth delay and become more susceptible to chronic respiratory diseases and infectious problems.
Etiology
The main causal agent is Escherichia coli, but there are other bacteria such as aerobacter, proteins, pseudomonas, streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci and clostridiums (Quintero, 2012).
Escherichia coli this presents in most poultry diseases, and is the promoter of overthrows in fattening chickens during the first days of hatching, and it should be emphasized that this helps to spread the mismanagement and stress in the chickens in the chickens.
Incubation period
This is varying I can start from a few hours until 9 days, most mortality is within these ranges, then its mortality deterioration begins, survivors are susceptible to causing economic losses in the farm, or otherwise death is also presentedEmbryo and therefore incubability is reduced.
Clinical manifestations
The main signs they present are an bristled down, sad, without vigor, bulky abdomen, scoriad and inflamed navel. Death is very fast. When it does not appear at an early age, it can be presented at 15-20 days presented and die.
Prevalence of onphalitis
It is known that avian onphalitis is due to bacterial navel pollution due to a bad umbilical closure that today is taking prevalence. In studies conducted at the National Agrarian University of Managua, Nicaragua, it was evidenced that 2.868 birds of one day born presented onphalitis of a total of 103,599.
Injuries
When observing the navel, a black redness or coloration is evidenceFrom the skin, the presence of large size of the Vitelino bag is evidenceyellowish color, as well as a large gallbladder.
Predisposing factor
The probability that a chicken contracting onphalitis is very high because they are not born in a sterile environment, so a navel that is not healYEMA plus the body temperature of the chick predispose to a multiplication in the bacterial population, in these cases maternal immunity does not guarantee good protection against these pathogens.
Control
The way to avoid or control this type of infectious process by which these chickens are attending is to ensure proper handling in the incubator, clean the incubator, seek a cleaning of eggs a fumigation of eggs, control moisture and temperature in the incubator, return of the eggs and proper ventilation and always maintain proper hygiene in the manipulation of the eggs, it has been seen that a bad handling a before and after the birth of the chicken can drastically affect its productive life.
Counterpizoic measures
Consequently, to the presentation chickens with this condition to go for the elimination of these infected the realization of it must have the hygiene – sanitary measures. Thus also a control in the proper functioning of incubation plants.
conclusion
Onphalitis in a disease that generates great economic losses worldwide that is caused by mismanagement in the incubator, the main causal agent is the E.coli, where it is present in most poultry diseases. Onphalitis is a non -contagious infectious disease, which has high presentation and lethality, and surviving animals have consequences such as growth delay and are more susceptible to respiratory diseases.
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