Ovar Cancer In Latam

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Ovar cancer in LATAM

Ovary cancer is a chronic and degenerative disease characterized by abnormal cell growth in ovaries, in most cases they begin from the epithelium and only some develop from germ cells.

It is estimated that around the world 295 414 women of all ages are diagnosed with ovarian cancer per year. While there are 762 663 cases of 5 years prevalence. According to Globocan data, ovarian cancer occupies the sixth position of most frequent cancers in Mexico in women of all ages; It occurs more frequently in women from 45 to 59 years and 57% of women in this age group die from the disease. Although the prevalence is increased in the groups of older women, the 1.2% of cases are diagnosed in girls from 0 to 14 years.

Of the total deaths observed in young people aged 18 to 29 in 2015 by malignant tumors, 8.7% corresponds to ovarian cancer, while in 2016 it was 7.7%.

The most recent study for geographical distribution that was carried out in Mexico brings together data from 1993 to 2002 where 767 464 new cases diagnosed during this period were recorded, of which 18 432 were of ovarian cancer; 30% of ovarian cancer cases were registered in the northern zone (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Durango and Zacatecas), 30% in the Federal District (now Mexico City), 23% in the Central Zone (San Luis Potosí, Nayarit, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Tlaxcala, Mexico and Morelos) and 15% in the southern zone (Guerrero, Puebla , Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche, Tabasco, Quintana Roo and Yucatán).

There are different methods that allow the early detection of ovarian cancer, started with the general health exams that include the clinical and family history, genetic tests, review of nutritional status, pelvic and abdominal examination; Blood tests such as full blood count (CBC), blood and functional chemical profile test, total serum protein, test for the CA-125 antigen (also used to detect lung and colon cancer) and other tumor markers ; Image exams such as pelvic and transvaginal ultrasound (where the transvaginal is the most useful), pelvis scanner and abdomen by computerized tomography (CT), by image of magnetic resonance, x -rays or chest ct, gastrointestinal evaluation and biopsy.

In the first instance, the clinical and family history provides knowledge to the doctor of the patient’s health status, while in the pelvic examination the state of the ovaries and the uterus is physically analyzed, if the doctor detects any anomaly, the ultrasound is usually the first Image exam that is done because it is not invasive and sometimes it is sufficient to complete the diagnosis with a biopsy.

However, timely diagnosis is difficult because there is no specific test with which it can be detected in initial stages.

In the main forms of treatment are the premises (surgery and radiotherapy) and the systemic (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and directed therapy).

Standard surgery implies a vertical incision in the midline of the abdomen to allow adequate exposure and depending on the patient’s clinical data, total or partial abdominal hysterectomy is performed, with bilateral or unilateral or unilateral salpingooforectomy, biopsy of lymph nodes, random biopsies, random biopsies of Areas clinically not involved and peritoneal washed.

An alternative procedure prior to surgery is primary cytoreduction in larger tumors to reduce the extension of residual disease9.

Radiotherapy is generally used as a complement to surgery. It is useful in treatment where cancer has spread in areas close to the primary tumor. The most used radiation is the external that makes use of X -rays so that they affect cancer cells and can destroy them. These are treatments that are administered five days a week for the time that the oncologist recommends it and each session lasts a few minutes.

Posoperative chemotherapy applies to patients where the cancer subtype is usually more aggressive in order to eradicate residual disease. However, not all are candidates to carry out this procedure. In chemotherapy treatment, an adjuvant such as platinum can be included in order to ensure survival in patients diagnosed with high -risk cancer. More than 50% of advanced disease patients who receive chemotherapy with adjuvants such as carboplatin and paclitaxel have a complete clinical remission.

Hormonal therapy is an alternative for the treatment of ovarian cancer where you can use: agonists of the luteinizing hormone liberating hormone that inhibit estrogen production in ovaries to reduce blood levels in premenopausal women; Tamoxifen to avoid estrogen circulation that favors the growth of the tumor or aromatase inhibitors that block the conversion of other hormones into estrogen, reducing estrogen levels in women who have not gone through menopause.

There are many myths about the cure for ovarian cancer such as the consumption of shiitake mushrooms, mint tea, soybeans and derivatives, purple onions, ginger, blue fish and green tea; Others based on infusions with Merdago, Siberian ginseng and oil consumption. However, there is no scientific evidence that demonstrates that the consumption of these products is effective because cancer is a complex disease.

Bibliography

• Ovaraian Cancer (2018). Britannica Academic. [On-line]. Available from https: // bidi.UAM.MX: 6402/LEVELS/Collegiate/ARTICLE/OVARIAN-CANCER/126099 [ACCESSED 8 OCT. 2018].
• Vargas, a.N. 2014, “Natural History of Ovary Cancer”, Gynecology and Obstetrics of Mexico, Vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 613-622.
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (2018). Cancer Today [Online]. Available from http: // gco.IARC.FR/TOVY/Home [ACCESSED 8 Oct. 2018]. 4. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (2018). Statistics on World Cancer Day (February 4). [Online] Available at: http: // www.beta.INEGI.org.mx/contents/saladeprensa/apparatus/2018/cancer2018_nal.PDF [Accesssed 8 Oct. 2018].
• Meneses-García, a., Ruiz-Godoy, l.M., Beltrán-Ortega, a., Sánchez-Cervantes, f., Tapia-Conyer, r. & Mohar, to. 2012, ‘Main Malignant Neoplasms in Mexico and Their Geographic Distribution, 1993-2002’, Clinical Research Magazine; Nutrition Disease Hospital organ, Vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 322.
• Gallardo-Rincón, Doloreset al. "Epidemiological Overview, Advances in Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment and Management of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Mexico". Public Health of Mexico. 2016, v. 58, n. 2, pp. 302-308.
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network, INC (2017). Ovaraian Cancer [Online]. Available from https: // www.NCCN.Org/Patients/Guidelines/Ovaraian/Index.html#1/z [accessared 11 oct. 2018].
• American Cancer Society (2018). Hormonal therapy for ovarian cancer [online]. Available from https: // www.cancer.org/es/cancer/cancer-of-ovary/treatment/hormonal.HTML [Accessed 12 Oct. 2018].
• Cannistra, s.A. 2004, ‘Cancer of the Ovary’, The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 351, no. 24, pp. 2519-2529.
• American Cancer Society (2018). Radiotherapy for ovarian cancer [online]. Available from https: // www.cancer.org/es/cancer/cancer-of-ovary/treatment/radiotherapy.HTML [Accessed 12 Oct. 2018]. eleven. Better with Health (2018). 8 Natural remedies that help fight ovarian cancer [online]. Available from https: // better consalud.com/ 8-Remedios-Natural-Aryudan-Fomatir-Cancer-Ovario/ [Accesssed 8 Oct. 2018]. 12. Popular Remedios (2006). Remedies for ovarian cancer [online]. Available from https: // www.Popular remedios.com/cancer_de_ovario.HTML [Accessed 12 Oct. 2018].