Osmosis and the evaluation mechanism
Introduction
It is a thin and ductile structure that is present in all types of cells, which is known as plasma or plasmalema membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, covers and protects the cell which has a thickness of 7.3, regulates the step of water, nutrients or ionic salts to the cytoplasm in which two processes can be given: absorption or endocytosis and expulsion or exocytosis.
Pinocytosis is that mechanism in which the cell engines liquid substances in small vesicles. When endocytosis uses receptors generally protein that recognizes only certain types of substances, these proteins adhere to receptors causing cryotine benefit.
Developing
Function
- Delimitation: wall that covers the cell of invading organisms, distinguishes the outside with the interior of one cell to another.
- Administration: Headquarters and denies the passage of substances inside the cell.
- Preservation: Stable the pH and the agglomeration of solutes in the cytoplasm stable.
- Communication: Transmit information from the interior of the cell, in order to perform the cell phases.
Evaluation mechanism
It is a mechanism that the cell uses from its cell membrane to introduce substances through it. Start with this membrane forming small vesicles capable of transporting liquid substances, large molecules and microorganisms. Phagocytosis It consists of the input substances of solids with larger molecules through these mechanisms Endocytosis favors cell nutrition and the creation of lysosomes. When the gallbladder expels its content outside the cell, this mechanism is known as exocytosis process.
In itself it is the skeleton of the cell, which is formed by a network of protein fibers that supports and form, organizes ornaulos cells and is heterogeneous, that is, there are different types of elements that make it up. It is present in some cellular processes. Within the structure of the appointment, we can observe:
- The microfilaments: they are the thinnest fibers that the cytoskeleton has, its diameter is 3 to 7 nanometers, in addition it forms the actin filaments that provides mobility to the cell and is located on the periphery, in the contractile ring or in contraction muscular.
- Intermediate filaments: It is made up of several fibrous protein networks together. Its diameter is 10 nanometers. They are always going to find permanent in the cytoskeleton, they are present in animal cells, it rigidity, solidity and fix the cell core.
- The microtubules: it is present throughout the cytoplasm, it has to do with vesicular transport or the transport of substances, they are made up of tubulin proteins. Its diameter is 25 nanometers.
It can be done through two transports: passive passage. It does not generate energy expenditure, allows the entry and exit of substances to the cell, this transport can be given by:
- Simple diffusion: transport of respiratory gases, alcohol and non -polar molecules through the plasma membrane.
- Facilitated diffusion: step of small amino acid polar molecules, monosaccharides, glucose, etc. and needs an integral protein to enter the cell membrane in order to fulfill the specific functions.
- Osmosis: allows the opening of water molecules to the cell by aquaporin protein.
Active passage: Substance step against concentration gradient, energy expenditure uses vesiculation mechanisms such as:
- Pinocytosis: Mechanism in which the cell engines liquid substances in small vesicles.
- Phagocytosis: Substance of solid with larger molecules.
- Endocytosis measured by receiver: needs specific proteins found in the cell membrane to digest substances.
- Endocytosis: Substance entry to the cell that favors cell nutrition and the creation of lysosomes.
- Exocytosis: Cell material output through secretion and excretion.
It is present in each tissue that has elasticity, resistance, optical characteristics, hydration and hardness, in addition, it is in persistent renewal and contributes to the cell signals for migration, differentiation, proliferation, homeostasis of the tissue and survival. The modifications of some component of the cell matrix cause fibrosis, osteoarthritis and cancer.
Structure
- Collagen and elastin. They are located on the basal wall.
- Glucosaminoglycans found in cartilage.
- Proteoglucans and glycoproteins is found on the cell wall. (González, 2017)
Function
The extracellular matrix fulfills many functions such as conserving the shape of the cell, the intercellular relationship and communication, form paths, provides mechanical properties to plant and animal tissues, the adhesion of the cell to be able to form tissues is allowed to the extracellular matrix , the integrity of the cells is maintained thanks to it. Occlusive Union: Contains proteins such as those that form the closing strands that are:
- Ocludines: mechanical support and hermetic closure.
- Claudinas: Aquaporins that give some permeability these occlusive unions.
- Jam: Recognize and unite of monocytes with vascular endothelium.
And the regulatory proteins that are:
- PDZ Regulatory and anchor actin filaments
Adherent unions keeps two cells strongly linked to each other, it also supports weaker unions such as occlusive or communicating, it has a protein called CAM that in turn is divided into cadherine, selectins, integrins and the superfamily of immunoglobulins is divided into two:
- Adhesive belt is below the occlusive joints providing a support.
- DESMOSOMAS JOINS IS UNDER THE ADHESIVE Belt, within these are the desmoglein, demoise.
conclusion
Phospholipid bilay. Proteins allow substances to enter or leave the cell, divide into two integral or intracellular types that are subdivided into protein channels, transporters and receivers; and peripheral or extracellular and in the membrane is present with 55%.
Cholesterol gives rigidity to the membrane and is present in the membrane by 13%. Carbohydrates are located in the outer area of the membrane next to glycoproteins and glycolipids. In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates are present with 3%. Other lipids have 4% presence in the plasma membrane.
Bibliography
- Castell, a. (26 of Decienbre de 2015). Biology cells and tissue.
- Coelho, f. (November 22, 2018). Meanings.
- Coelho, f. (October 23, 2018). Meanings.com.
- González, c. A. (September 13, 2017). Botany.
- Gonzalez, d. J. (2013). Biology Area Hypertexts.
- Rafino, m. AND. (November 16, 2018). Concept.of.
- Health, d. d. (July 1, 2019). Plant and animal histology atlas.
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