Nervous System Modifications
Introduction
Neuroplasticity: It is the set of anatomical and functional modifications that the nervous system experiences, in response to the processes of development, learning or injury, this to facilitate the adaptation of the person. It is a dynamic and flexible process, which occurs at any time in the life cycle, from gestation to old age. As a consequence of the development, learning, or injuries, the nervous system is in permanent transformation, this depending on the needs of the human being.
Developing
If this did not happen, new learning could not be acquired and the recovery of functions would be impossible after having suffered a brain injury. Age is a factor that conditions the degree of transformation that the nervous system can experience. Children greater ease of learning, that is, absorb all the information they obtain quickly, they also have greater capacity for information recovery. Extrinsic factors: These are those factors that refer to the transformations experienced by the nervous system as a consequence of external actions.
Intrinsic factors: set of modifications that the nervous system experiences when overtaking brain damage occurs. Evolutionary neuroplasticity: During pregnancy neuroplasticity is very active, this produces that the number of cells and nerve connections are intense, is carried out through different mechanisms that act together during the gestational period: proliferation. The increase in the number of nerve cells in the embryo from the stem cells located on the walls of the brain ventricles.
Neuronal birth occurs when a precursor cell reaches its last cycle of cell division, becoming a neuron or a neuroglia. Migration. It is a process by which the filial cells of the division of stem cells range from the walls of the ventricles to the areas that must be occupied in the cerebral cortex and in other areas of the nervous system. Differentiation. Mechanism by which once the nerve cells reach their settlements in the nervous system they adapt to the function they are going to perform.
Apoptosis. It is a cell death system that facilitates the definitive modeling of the nervous system. During embryonic development, more nerve cells and synapses occur than are needed, thus ensuring efficient operation of the nervous system and apoptosis, what it does is eliminate unnecessary cells and connections within the nervous system. Learning neuroplasticity: the changes produced by learning produce neurobiological modifications and these transformations, in turn, consolidate the change in cognitive processes.
Neurobiological modifications: the brain is transformed by acquiring new experiences, skills or knowledge, producing changes in its structure and functioning. Similarly, the environment largely conditions the degree of neuroplasticity finally achieved, since the most stimulating and enriching environments always favor the improvement of cognitive functions. Cognitive modifications: There are numerous examples that demonstrate how neuroplasticity transforms the brain into humans facilitating and consolidating new learning.
The blind people from birth have a greater surface dedicated to auditory processing in parieto-ocipital areas, than people with normal vision. Functional neuroimaging confirms that blind increases their metabolic activity in the visual areas of the brain, as a consequence of hearing or tactile stimulation. Neuroplasticity induced by brain injury. The brain carries out a spontaneous process that consists of the total or partial recovery of the function affected by an injury. The initial consequences of brain damage tend to decrease over time.
conclusion
The areas where the damage occurs, increase their activity with the objective of facilitating the recovery of the function that was affected. Cognitive. The degree of initial recovery experienced by the brain will determine what will be the degree of improvement that the lesion will have later. The injury produced in minors has a more favorable recovery than when it occurs in people with elderly because apoptosis reduces the number of neurons and connections during childhood and it is possible that the surplus of nerve cells and connections that still existIn the child’s nervous system, facilitate the recovery of sensitive-motor and cognitive functions when a brain injury occurs.
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