Naturalism In The Work Marianela By Benito Pérez Galdós

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Naturalism in the work Marianela by Benito Pérez Galdós

In the following analysis of the work Marianela written by Benito Pérez Galdós in 1879 there will be a comparative analysis with the movements of illustration, romanticism, realism and naturalism. These comparisons will be based on the context that was lived at the time with the characters and scenes within the work.

For this I think it is important to make a brief summary of the history of Marianela, as well as quickly explain a bit of the historical context of Spain of the nineteenth century. The novel tells us the story of Marianela a ugly and poor girl, and of Paul a handsome and rich man but who is nevertheless, who falls deeply in love, since for Paulnela they are not only her eyes but the womanMore beautiful in the world, one day a doctor named Teodoro, helps Pablo regain his eyes, which did not make Marianela happy because he would realize how ugly he is, so he hides from him for a while. Time in which Paul falls in love with her cousin and future promising Florentina, telling her how much she loves her, Marianela upon learning of this, is depressed and tries to take her life, the doctor tries to save her without much success, being her last wordswhich he would use to reveal his identity to Pablo.

When we talk who? From the historical context of Spain of the nineteenth century, I consider that we must have only what can be more relevant to the work. Such as the modernization of agriculture and the birth of modern industry. The old monarchy was replaced by a parliamentarian and constitutional.

The first movement with which I will try to compare Marianela’s novel is that of the Enlightenment which was the one that was born from other philosophical, literary and scientific movements. This movement has many characteristics or qualities, among which the most I can highlight when making a comparison with the novel, is that of rationalism, since several of the problems that arise are solved by using reason andNot of the supernatural, the example that can be highlighted from this, is when Paul is blind and instead of attending a sorcerer, wizard or anything supernatural, something more scientific was attended such as medicine such as medicine. And if I had to highlight another characteristic of this movement that occurs in the work it would be that of belief in the goodness of man by nature, just as Nela saw in Paul a very friendly person and with a good heart, likewise the protagonist alwaysIt is in a search for happiness, this last point being a third characteristic of the Enlightenment.

The next movement with which I am going to compare the work is that of the romanticism that I consider is one of the most content enjoys Marianela’s work. Remember that romanticism emphasizes subjectivity and emotions. When we talk about subjectivity in romanticism we talk about exalting states and mood feelings, such as passion, madness, fear, loneliness, etc. And this is reflected by a large part of the work, how the characters always express themselves as they feel so fleeting, and there is even a complete chapter dedicated to how the protagonist feels. Another characteristic to highlight is all the sublime of the work, that is, to idealize beauty as an absolute greatness, and this is what Paul did, even when he was blind, he always imagined and idealizes Nela as a beautiful and beautiful person,Due to his personality and as he treated him, he never thought about the possibility of being someone ugly. Also after recovering his eyes he fell in love with his cousin for the simple fact of being a beautiful person.

Another remarkable characteristic of romanticism present in the novel is that of love and death, where the characters demonstrate their love he one in one way so passionate to the point that they can die on the other, theme that can be seen withThe death of the protagonist for the fear of rejection of his beloved.

The third movement with which I am going to compare the work is that of realism, which when we refer to it in literature we talk about writing models with less ideal and more truthful, that will move away from the sensitivity and imagination of the authors, giving itA more realistic approach, with issues of their respective society and environment, such as political or economic issues. We can see this in all the work itself, the context in which it is narrated, as problems, characters, etc. The work stops depending on supernatural things for the development of their stories such as the vast majority before.

While I said that I considered romanticism as one of the movements with which Marianela’s novel most enjoyed, there is very present something, and this work is naturalistic, that is, the movement of naturalism, which will be the last movement withthe one that will be compared. This movement that emerged in the nineteenth century is characterized by a vision more attached to reality, and above all committed to the portrait of social classes.

The first principle of naturalism tells us that human existence is controlled by forces outside the will, which fall on passion, genetics and social and economic environment. This point is very evident if we analyze the work well, the tragic outcome that the protagonist had was for all these points. Nela’s passion and love was such that she tried to commit suicide when she thought of Peter’s rejection, genetics is related to the physicist and aspect of Nela which was the detonator for her attempt to take her life, while theSocial and economic environment makes illusion to the class difference of the lovers, neither decided their economic situation, if it was not given at birth by mere fact of luck.

Another principle of naturalism says that the beautiful and ugly is not judged as different values, and if it is, naturalism is indifferent to it. This could be contradictory with a point of romanticism, which told us about idealizing beauty above all, however I think that the latter can notice it in the novel if you read it in a very superficial way, since the beautiful and the ugly have amuch bigger impact and depth in the novel, by making a contrast between Florentina and Nela, and how Florentina treats the protagonist in a good and friendly way, not the classic where the rich and beautiful treats poor and ugly byThe simple fact of being that, or on the other side that the ugly is the bad, for the simple fact of being ugly. In Marianela that does not happen although if there is some discrimination from other characters to Marianela, the work tries to give an equal message to these stereotypes

In conclusion, although it is not a novel, it is completely liked, more than anything for the genre of it, I consider that if it is very enriched with the illustration themes already spoken, in addition to philosophical and moral messages. 

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