Modern Architecture In The Different Stages Of Society

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Modern architecture in the different stages of society

Introduction

In this essay it contains a series of reflections that, applying its own premises in the way of working architectural, is proposed to make visible the contemporary educational context from an imagined perspective. This, in terms of projection, although generically characteristic of the current situation, does so by taking only those particularities that do the work of architects an identity reason, although we know that knowledge is standardized and contextualized, around knowingWestern, this part of the planet also had constructions, which worthy of being admired that with their own knowledge and knowledge the residents of developed without knowing their own architecture.

Because of this purpose, each of the reflections is presented as an autonomous essay, understanding the possibility of making present a structure of conformation that only responds in organization, theoretical contributions and extension to the treatment of its content, but retaining an orientation Common by which its realization only occurs to materialize the promise of a different situation, whether in some cases this means the formulation of ideas that represent a notion, ideally, optimizing, whether in others, it is an opportunity of an opportunity of building a cognitive proposal, or that is only the expression of a disagreement with the current state of development of things, this due to the plurality of our society, because the concepts of harmony and well -being contract among the same settlers therefore therefore The architectural concepts assumed at the different times of our society, depended a lot on who is in power.

That is why in the present work we seek to carry out a full assessment of the different stages of society, until our day.

Developing

  • Shared horizons

By definition, a horizon is a set of perspectives that offers the reflective consideration of something, and in the work that is done in the architectural domain, that reflexive consideration is what they build precisely those who project to determine what that something should be and, also, alsoHow is it possible that what they have imagined becomes materially.

  • Value to our architectural horizon

The cultural diversity of Bolivia has generated great architectural examples throughout its history, from constructions that cause astonishment belonging to the pre -Columbian era, to the most modern buildings that are in the world’s first line. This is a list of six architecture works that are one of the best examples of Bolivian cultural heritage. (The duty, 2017), to understand that the architecture is and will be a fundamental factor in the development of our society by building ceremonial center, such as power houses and the roof of the common inhabitant in this case we would have to talk about the mixture between a house thatrepresents power and the house of a common citizen, such as famous cholets.

  • The culture on our roofs

You cannot talk about a unique architectural model in Bolivia, modern architecture in Bolivia is diverse, since it responds to different external elements, popular trends and international influences. The modern architecture of Bolivia is characterized by being simple and having the ability to adapt to its surroundings.

Departmental contexts in the country differ from each other, either by climate, lifestyle or customs. Because of this, infrastructure are also different according to the region. For example, in warm climates such as in the East, houses or buildings are released to prioritize open spaces, wide windows, etc. While, in the Andean region, they seek to accentuate the view offered by landscapes and concentrate sunlight to create warm environments.

The works designed by Bolivian architect Aimara Freddy Mamani break with all structures. Make your paper and cardboard models (without computers) and bet on unconventional shapes and colorful colors, inspired by Tiwanacota architecture and traditional elements in Aymara culture. The result are constructions that are called cholets, a mixture of the words Cholo and Chalet, its style has also been baptized as “Transformer Architecture”, and it is already characteristic of the city El Alto, where it has built more than 50 buildings.

For the understanding of the present we must know the past, in Bolivia the architectural works of our history and the evolution of their works until modernity among the representatives is:

  • Of Kings

The castle of the roundabout in Sucre, built by a couple who could not have children, decided to allocate this building as a orphanage. Unique in its style, the castle joins in the same building the Gothic, Mannerist, Baroque, Rococó, Neoclassical and Mudejar styles, which makes it exceptional. His name comes because Pope Leo XIII granted Don Francisco the title of Prince of the Glorieta in 1898. The castle is only 5 kilometers from Sucre.

  • Progress and private thrust

The Sofia building located in the city of Santa Cruz, a modern architectural work, shocking, with a structure of curved lines and 12.300 m2 built, of which 860 are made of glass and aluminum carpentry of European origin. This allows sunlight to take advantage of the most hours a day.

  • Worship and worship

This cross -country church contains great architectural beauty and pieces of the missionary era. Despite the fire suffered at the beginning of the 20th century, today an elaborate original column is preserved at the entrance of the Church.

  • Of international commitment

Torres Monument to the summit of the Americas, consolidated in the two corners of the urban park on the front towards the city, with the construction of two corner towers of several levels and with access stairs that lead to terraces that open like viewpointsAbout the park itself.

  • Banking

Casa de la Moneda in Potosí, all carved stone and with baroque -style roofs, the Potosí currency house occupies an area of 7.570 m2 with 15.000 m2 of vertical and horizontal construction, five courtyards and almost two hundred environments.

The architecture of in La Paz

Each historical stage is also represented by its buildings, and it is in this way that these become representative witnesses of the history of cities, and it is also in this way that urban and architectural heritage is being built. And what determines recognition or a condition as such is precisely the value that defines a building.

The value is not only defined by its permanence in time, the value defines it, as they cite Ballart and Thompson, other attributes, such as the value of use, the value of disciplinary contribution, the economic value or the cultural value.

By raising the term value, the importance of a cultural good for a certain social context, or a particular group of that context is defined and it is in this sense that these goods must be considered, since the knowledge or recognition of a goodWith patrimonial value it will depend not only on a group that identifies it. Patrimonial or cultural value will be defined by the meaning that it represents for different social groups, cultural groups or disciplinary spheres. Thus, architecture becomes a set of value with value that can be represented or representative for some, which, however, these goods define the character of a collective but that this is not aware of its own value. The role of experts will always be decisive in defining this value and their need for conservation as part of the historical and cultural memory of the peoples. (Baeza, 2017)

In the care of peace through Municipal Ordinance 330/2014, it was recognized as heritage value and monumental value to the buildings of the Rafael Gisbert house, the Obrero Hospital and the National Health Fund, these buildings have modern and functional architectural designs asThe property of the Obrero Hospital that was projected by the architect Alberto Iturralde Levy and the Rafael Gisbert house located on Libertador Avenue. (Bolivia.com, 2014) These buildings are representation of the historical and development of Bolivia architecture, and the national identification of the population.

The property that was built between the 50s and 60s of the last century, also has a functionalist and neocolonialist design.

Cross -country architecture

Space warmth and competitiveness stand out in the design of the new constructions in Santa Cruz.

According to Rodolfo Weis, Santa Cruz is the department that is characterized by population growth, in architectural development it mentions “the city is a mixture of styles, perhaps because of the fact that we are a poor country and our visionary architects generate ideas and can be seenMinimalist houses or homes where oriental techniques such as the ‘Feng Shui’ "apply unlike Schrupp" emphasize that we have nothing to envy the great capitals in the world regarding architecture, but what you have to improve isThe presence of the Magnos Buildings, those that represent political power in the regions ”(El Día, 2011). Among the areas that highlights modern architecture in Santa Cruz, an area of the Urubó that belongs to the Metropolitan Municipality of Porongo, whose real estate development is clearly the fastest growth and projection of Bolivia. In this sector, excellent examples of single -family housing architecture stand out, as well as large private urban developments, whose emphasis is on the high range of its architecture and the valuable surplus value that is combined with the natural beauty of the area (Urzagasti, 2017)

Buildings. The area known as the Gold Triangle, on San Martín Avenue, where Banking, Hospitality and Services Bulle.

During the first half of the twentieth century, economic and political power still revolved in the Bolivia Minera, adding to this the political power that took root in La Paz since the end of the 19th century. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz, the Department and the Capital, were distant destinations where, obvious consequence there was a low population and null urban infrastructure and service coverage. It is important to know these processes to understand the current reality of cross -country architecture. (Saldias, 2017)

How architecture evolved in Bolivia

Stages of architectural development.

Development is best explained by knowledge of the works, among the relevance project is presented:

  1. Mestiza or Pahuichi Cabañ. This house is a hybrid between the Peninsular Rural Cabaña and the indigenous architecture. This architectural model, essentially ephemeral and easy to execute, is built with barely elaborated materials, and in addition to characterizing rural architecture, it also defined the urban image of the cross -country until well into the nineteenth century.
  2. COMPACT HOUSE (1750-1830) The Compact Housing Typology presents two differentiated solutions in the morphological and technological. This solid unit coincides with a more stable situation of the colonial settlement that is definitely oriented towards agricultural production, and feels the technological bases for new models, even more elaborate.
  3. House with Madera Gallery (1767-1916) The timber typology with external wooden galleries, corresponds to a society with several decades of activity in agricultural and livestock production, and which is interested in the construction of a more elaborate environment. The solid volumes, of wood structure and partition walls, won runners covered towards the street and to the inner courtyard, maintaining the organization of rooms in row and circumstantial courtyards. Wooden columns and capitals were worked with stylized plant details and painted with colors obtained by natural resins.
  4. Tropical neoclassic (1839-1920) Wooden exterior galleries are replaced by adobito brick columns that reproduce the Tuscan language. First, the large intercolumnia remained, corresponding to the length of the wooden beams that continued to act as support for the beams.
  5. Eclecticism (1892-1937) characterized by its morphological emphasis, mainly facadist, and the elimination of the outer gallery and the historicist treatment of the street front. In two cases, elements of Art Nouveau are recognized, but they do not determine a trend. The facadist sense of this architecture is recognized by verifying that in the interior courtyards, the Tuscan language with galleries was maintained, and the plant solution in a traditional row. His contribution to the urban image was punctual, hierarchizing isolated works, while affecting the continuity of the construction line.
  6. Neocolonial (1938-50) This typology corresponds to the recovery of an alleged Spanish-American colonial architecture linked to a nostalgia from the past, which paradoxically has Californian architecture as its main referent. In practice it was a superficial decorative application on modern typologies and some understand it as a more eclectic expression. This architecture did not have a significant subsequent effect, except for the set of housing of the Banking neighborhood (1950s) and certain ‘chalets’ of the South neighborhood;because it coincided with the emergence of the modern movement.
  7. Modern Movement (1947-2000). The adoption of the architectural trends of the so -called ‘modern movement’, mainly of functionalist and formalistic rationalism, coincides with the city’s real integration process with the rest of the country and neighboring countries, mainly Argentina and Brazil. It begins with the construction of the headquarters of the Gabriel René Moreno University (1939-41), which actually presents a simplified art language. Functional solutions are still traditional, and volumes are covered with rise devoid of decoration or galleries. New materials are tested (ceramic brick, cement or steel tubes, mosaic floors and reinforced concrete) and unknown functional elements and spaces are incorporated (chimneys, kitchen-dining room and garages). (Andrade, evolution of Bolivian architecture, 2007).}

If difficulties in the realization of projects that break the contemporary schemes in Bolivia are still. According to Hugo Fiaschetti, he mentions “that there is no uniformity in the work of the young architects of Santa Cruz, since many of them leave professionals under the influence of the university and copy what they liked. ‘As in Bolivia, in general, there is a potpourri of things (European, American and vernacular trends) there is no defined line, a positive factor of modernity in architecture, as architecture is an art is also a fashion. Ten years ago in Santa Cruz there was a predominance in the use of color and texture, something that saturate the urban landscape of the city and there is currently a return to minimalism, something cleaner and at the same time sober ‘(Andrade, 2017) this canBeing subject to population growth and family nucleus at an early ages, which seeks private places, is to be considered that these projects also respond to the social and labor lifestyle of the inhabitants.

In reference to the development of sustainable architectural projects in the city of Santa Cruz, it is identical:

One Soul: installed in Equipetrol, One Soul will have a garden on the terrace that contributes to the stabilization of the internal construction temperature. Its structure will be integrated into a public square to improve it, and each person who bought an apartment there, was encouraged to plant a tree in the square.

In Towers: It consists of a tower installed in the Urubó area, it has the LEED certification of ecological buildings. In Towers maintains the efficiency of water consumption, electricity, care in the selection of materials, and a sustainable development of the place free spaces.

Alicanto: This project counts in its architecture with double containment for the management of thermal bridges, intelligent units, solar panels, high efficiency air conditioning equipment, and LED lighting system that is one of the most economical and efficient market. Alicanto also adds vertical gardens and ecological materials (Bolivia.com, 2018).

These projects respond to global environmental sustainability trends, I am project constructions avoid damaging the environment, and minimizing the use of harmful and natural materials.

These are the main modern trends that is influencing architectural projects in the city of Santa Cruz, in relation to the other departments, social, cultural and economic study are variants for the development of these projects, such as Cholets trends.

conclusion

The great culture and history that our country has cannot be erased, architecture is the very essence of the human being’s relationship with the environment. Reason why different architectural trends are presented in the areas of the country, which must respond to social, work and climatic lifestyles.

In transcendental of the rescue of our culture and worldview you can see and in the Alteña architecture with the cholets, which becomes a modern trend characterized in the city of La Paz.

It is a reality that with the architecture of these times has to go in harmony with nature and be able to preserve our wealth, responding to the new trends of living better in a healthier world, for them there are sustainable architectural projects.

Bibliographic references

  • Andrade, a. (2007). Evolution of Bolivian architecture. Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
  • Andrade, a. (November 19, 2017). Modern Bolivian architecture. Obtained from http: // Andreahistorialatinoamericana.Blogspot.com/2007/11/architecture-modern-bolivian.HTML
  • Baeza, c. AND. (1 of 10 of 2017). Obtained from https: // repository.UMSA.BO/BITSTREAM/HANDLE/123456789/11214/PG-3560.PDF?sequence = 1 & isalowed = y
  • Bolivia.com. (August 7, 2014). Three buildings with modern architecture have patrimonial value in La Paz. Obtained from https: // www.Bolivia.com/Cultura/News/SDI/95667/three-edifios-with-architecture-modern-they have-value-patrimonial-in-la-paz
  • Bolivia.com. (July 30, 2018). The sacred principles of sustainable architecture. Obtained from https: // www.Bolivia.com/Actuality/Economy/The-Frincipios-Sagrados-de-La-Architecture-Styntable-200304
  • Duty. (09 of 2017). 6 unpredictable works of Bolivian architecture.
  • The day. (June 20, 2011). The cross -country architecture, mix of styles. The day.
  • Saldias, u. (1 of 10 of 2017). Cross -country architecture.
  • Urzagasti, s. AND. (September 22, 2017). Cross -country architecture. The reason.

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