Kaposi Sarcoma Impacts On Hiv Carriers (Aids)

Kaposi sarcoma impacts on HIV carriers (AIDS)

Introduction

To describe Kaposi’s sarcoma we must know first what a sarcoma consists. It is defined by sarcoma to a malignant tumor that is formed from the connective tissue of the body, of the musculature and blood vessels. In conclusion, SK is a cancer formed by cells similar to those covered by blood or lymphatic vessels.

Kaposi’s sarcoma (SK) also called Kaposi angiosarchoma or multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcom. This disease occurs first as multiple vascular vascular nodules of violet in the skin and when it becomes severe it can appear in the digestive tract and lungs. The lesions are made of cancer cells, blood vessels and blood cells. It affects men more than women, and manifests itself mainly in population of Jewish origin, and is classified among opportunistic diseases that officially define the AIDS stadium.

Objectives

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

Analyze and expand knowledge about Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV -bearing people (AIDS) through the review of several investigations to inform the population about this pathology.

Specific objectives

1. Define what are the reasons why Kaposi sarcoma occurs in HIV -bearing people (AIDS)
2. Contribute with information on the subject to inform society
3. Know what are HIV prevention measures
4. Know the clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures and kaposi sarcoma treatment that appears as a complication of HIV – AIDS
5. Know the complications associated with AIDS and how to handle and treat them.

What is soft tissue sarcoma?

Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors originated in soft tissue connective tissue, that is, excluding bones and cartilage. The connective tissue encompasses a group of diverse tissues that have their filling function (in the spaces among other tissues and organs) and the body’s support (tendons, ligaments, etc.). They include adipose (fatty), muscular (muscles), tendon (tendons), blood vessels, nerves and deep skin tissues. It is a cancer that originates when cells begin to grow without control. Almost any body cell can become cancer and spread to other areas.

There are a wide variety of tumors and not all are cancerous. Those we know as benign that means that it is not cancer and will not spread towards other parts of the body. When we talk about sarcoma we refer that it is a malignant tumor (cancerous).

Kaposi sarcoma is one of soft tissue sarcomas.

Types of soft tissue sarcomas

There is a great variety in soft tissue sarcomas, among them are:

• Angiosarcoma
• Protuberant dermatofibrosarcoma
• Leiomiosarcoma
• Liposarcoma
• Rabdomiosarcoma
• Epithelioid sarcoma
• Solitary fibrous tumor
• Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomorphic
• Synovial sarcoma
• Gastrointestinal stroma tumor
• Mixofibrosarcoma
• Malignant tumors of the peripheral nerves
• Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma

SK is a cancer that causes the growth of abnormal tissue areas under the skin, in the membrane that covers the mouth, nose and throat or in other organs. It usually starts as small areas similar to a ‘bruise’ that become purple or reddish tumors under the skin formed by cancer cells and blood cells, although they can degenerate in brown lesions, or nodular cutaneous that can even be exudative. Generally, red or violet spots do not cause symptoms, although they can be painful, especially in the legs, groin, or the skin around the eyes.

If cancer spreads to digestive pathways or lungs, it can cause serious problems. Pulmonary tumors can hinder breathing. SK in the digestive tract, for example, it can cause bleeding, while, in the lungs it can cause difficulty breathing. However, many people, even those who do not have skin lesions, will have inflammation in lymph nodes, fever without explanation or weight loss. With the course of time, Kaposi’s sarcoma spreads to the rest of the body, and if it affects a large part of the lungs or intestines, it can be deadly.

Source

This disease was first described in 1872 in Vienna by the Hungarian dermatologist Moritz Kaposi. One of his best jobs is the one that carries multiple multiple pigmenta pigmenta Haut (multiple leather pigmented idiomatic sarcoma) that years later replaced the term "pigmented" by "hemorrhagic".

The now known as "Kaposi Sarcoma" was described years later in young men from New York, San Francisco and other cities in the United States, the name was described in honor of the dermatologist. The data that there were scarce until a new disease arose that was AIDS, in the patients who suffered it, cancer spread rapidly.

It is caused by an interaction between HIV, a weakened immune system and the Herpes Human Virus 8 (HHV-8) and is transmitted by the sexual act.

Main types of Kaposi sarcoma

Currently, four clinical forms of kaposi sarcoma are recognized that are: classic SK, endemic SK, iatrogenic SK and SK associated with HIV. We are going to govern ourselves in the SK associated with HIV (AIDS)

The classic SK is manifested in people of Jewish origin, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean, appears when the patient has between 50 – 60 years of age is frequently located in the lower extremities.

The endemic or African skk is manifested in younger people between 30-45 years and mainly affects men, a indolent or aggressive course may appear.

The iatrogenic SK is typical of patients in immunosuppressive treatment secondary to transplants or for the control of systematic diseases of autoimmune cause.

Finally, the epidemic form associated with AIDS is manifested with skin or extracutaneous affectation either gastrointestinal, pulmonary, ganglion or multiple. This has a higher prevalence in the homosexual population, although it also occurs in the heterosexual and drug dependent population, the treatment that is given has a lower response and is usually diagnosed in an already advanced phase of recreation of the mucocutaneous parts of the body that include theBoca, the eyes, the vagina and the anus or also visceral that correspond to the viscera that are part of the digestive system, the lungs, the heart, the liver or the pancreas.

Mora Morillas, I.. (2003). Kaposi sarcoma. Internal Medicine Annals, 20 (4), 07-09. Retrieved on January 30, 2020, from http: // scielo.ISCIII.It is/scielo.PHP?script = sci_arttext & pid = s0212-71992003000400001 & lng = es & tlng = pt.

HIV Association (AIDS)

HIV causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) weakening the immune system. An immune system is unable to combat diseases and infections, therefore, these people are more prone to infections and cancer.

Since the end of the 20th century, infectious agents, in the vast major. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus member of the Retrovirus family. Historically, these viruses are not considered as agents causing cancer in humans;However, the pathogenesis of the malignments associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the result of the proliferation of an opportunistic agent in combination with an oncogenic stimulus, as well as the depression of the immune system. One of the aspects to consider these findings occurred in the 80s with the rapid increase in the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (SK) preferably between homosexual men.

In 1990 the sexual transmission of the infectious agent related to the Kaposi sarcoma associated with AIDS was proposed;But it was until 1994 when Chang identified two small DNA fragments of a new virus as the primary cause in all epidemiological types of Kaposi sarcoma (SK): a) epidemic SK or associated with AIDS;b) Classic SK;c) Endemic or African SK and d) Post -speaker or iatrogenic SK. After two years of its discovery, the genome of this virus, formed by 165 kilo bases, was totally sequenced by chain polymerase reaction techniques (PCR). The determination of the sequence of these viral nucleotides revealed that it encodes for numerous homologous proteins to cell proteins, which regulate various cell paths, among which we can mention: control of the progression of the cell cycle and apoptosis. This new virus was called Human Human Virus type 8 (VHH-8) or herpes virus associated with Kaposi sarcoma, which is part of the wide group of viruses currently considered as oncogenic.

The VHH-8 is, therefore, the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and has also been involved in the pathogenesis of two rare lymphoproliferative disorders associated with AIDS: some forms of the multicenter plasma disease of Castleman (EC) and lymphomaPrimary effusion (LEP).

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HVH8

The HVH8, also called Herpesvirus of the Kaposi sarcoma (HVSK) was discovered by Chang and collaborators. He is a member of the Herpesviridae family, and the only human virus of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. He has a marked lymphotropism and, like its taxonomic relatives, it is a virus covered by a phospholipid nature membrane that surrounds a nucleocapside with a two -time DNA, of icasahedral symmetry and a complex genetic and antigenic structure. The viral particle has a size between 120-150 nm. His known guests are humans, exclusively. Taxonomically it is included in the genus Radhinovirus.

Exams to diagnose Kaposi’s sarcoma

To determine if the patient presents SK, a series of exams should be performed, first the doctor will perform a biopsy in which a small skin sample (tissue) will have to be removed (tissue).

The tests to diagnose if this pathology is internal understand:

• Broncoscopy. In this test, a thin tube (bronchoscope) is introduced through the nose or mouth that is passed to the lungs to see its coating and take samples of abnormal areas.
• Hidden blood analysis in feces. This analysis detects the hidden blood in the feces, which can be a sign of the kaposi sarcoma in the digestive tract.
• Thorax radiography. A thorax radiography can reveal anomalies that suggest the presence of a kaposi sarcoma in the lung.
• Colonoscopy. Here a thin tube will be introduced that is known as (colonoscope) by the rectum to the colon to examine the walls of these organs. If, during colonoscopy, anomalies are observed that suggest the existence of a kaposi sarcoma in the rectum or in the colon, a biopsy can also be performed.
• Upper endoscopy. To perform this test, a thin tube called (endoscope) is used that is introduced through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach and the first part of the small intestine. In the event that the doctor has suspicions about a Kaposi sarcoma in any of these organs, he will take a biopsy of the affected tissue to confirm the disease.

Specialist that deals with Kaposi’s sarcoma

The doctors who perform these tests are several since, being a serious and difficult illness to be detected, more than one specialist is needed, these are:

• HIV specialists
• Skin specialists (dermatologist)
• Plastic Surgeon
• Oncologist or Clinical Cancer Specialist
• Radiotherapy oncologist
• A virologist
• A pathologist
• A social worker
• Infectologist
• Psychologists and a advisor

Statistics

In Ecuador according to the latest data from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) there are about 41.300 people living with HIV. Of which 10% are associated with Kaposi sarcoma

Symptoms

People can suffer the following symptoms such as:

Skin: rashes, injury, packages, swelling, small bump or ulcers

Also common: difficulty breathing, fever, inflamed lymph nodes, plate, cough or oral ulcer

Expectations (prognosis)

KS treatment does not improve the possibilities of surviving HIV/AIDS in itself. The prognosis depends on the person of immunity of the person and the amount of HIV virus in the blood (viral load). If HIV is controlled with medications, injuries will often be reduced by themselves.

Possible complications

Complications may include:

• Cough (possibly with blood) and difficulty breathing if the disease is in the lungs
• Leg swelling that can hurt or cause infections if the disease is in the lymph nodes of the legs

Tumors can reappear even after treatment. Ks can be deadly for a person with AIDS. An aggressive form of endemic ks can be disseminated quickly to the bones. Another form of this sarcoma found in African children does not affect the skin. Instead, it spreads through lymph nodes and vital organs, and can become deadly deadly.

Prevention

Safe sex practices can prevent HIV infection. This prevents HIV/AIDS and its complications, even the KS. The KS almost never occurs in people with HIV/AIDS whose disease is well controlled.

conclusion

Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV (AIDS) bearer people is an opportunistic disease.Sarcomas. It is caused by the Human Human Virus type 8 (VHH-8), which spreads by sexually transmitted, an organ transplant or also by saliva. The symptoms that the patient gets are: difficulty breathing, fever, inflammation of lymph nodes, produces swelling in the skin of a violet color.

In this research I could enrich my knowledge about Kaposi’s sarcoma together with HIV (AIDS), serious pathologies that can lead to death to the patient.

recommendations

• It is necessary to elaborate medical exams frequently for the prevention of any pathology.
• Study Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV -bearing people (AIDS) through the analysis of several investigations.
• This type of essay must have as its main objective to encourage the community to modify their behaviors.

Final reflection

People should keep control over our body, go to the doctor every time, make our respective checks to be free from any disease and doubt. Having contracted AIDS does not mean that we are going to have SK, while the disease is controlled there will be no risks. People’s sexual life influences a lot, since at the time of practicing promiscuity and not having respect for oneself, because in these times the contracting a sexually transmitted disease is more common than what is thought and as in that caseKaposi’s sarcoma is an opportunistic disease, there are many more pathologies that can be.