Importance of ICT in social movements in the 21st century
Introduction
New technologies have a great influence on how information is transmitted today, the dissemination of information about different events that marked the history of the world remains as a history to remind the society that has changed so much. The beginning of the digital era had a transcendental impact for the whole society that had contact with it in its beginnings. The social movements have existed for many centuries and in each one portrays the fragility of society, it shows how and at what point society fractures, and the consequences that each of these changes bring to today.
Society plays an important role as the media evolve and how society includes the information it receives, social movements are born from the need to eliminate stigmas imposed by societies prior to ours, and the decision to change this, isThanks to the new generations that expand their criteria and vision of the system with which it was born. Information and communications technologies are transformed according to innovations that impact society, depending on the historical context, new technologies are adopted such a term.
In everyday life, the participation of information and communications technologies, have influenced family, student and work coexistence environments, not only helps the management of information that is transmitted from one place to another, if it does not allow you to be in tuneWith the whole world from a remote place. This is due to the emergence of applications that facilitate real -type communication, either in messaging, called, real -time video transmission, etc.
The emergence of accessible devices in operation of operations that carry out the transmission, communication and storage of an infinity of information provided by the same user, has also played an extremely important role for social changes that have existed in recent decades, in general terms, the birth of multitasking devices, optimal transmission media and the questioning of each of the individuals existing in society, have made social movements currently exposed for everyone.
Today, social movements have grown thanks to questioning, society questions why, looking for a valid and credible reason in situations that expose the inconsistencies given as answers to different facts that happen frequently. In Mexico, the growth of questions has increased due to the high indices of insecurity, corruption and manipulation of the same information transmitted by the different media, consequently, there are social movements that seek to gain a struggle with an inefficient system.
In Mexico there is a war between the truth and the lie day, headed mainly by the information transmitted in the different communication channels, it is known that all information transmitted in the different media except for social networks, are reviewedFor the system that manages the country, this is due to the high level of corruption that exists in the same. Social networks on many occasions take a wrong role on information transmission;This is due to the relationship with the little control over the veracity of the content.
Developing
The study of social movements originates from the workers’ movements, Marx (1967) portrayed social mobilization as a labor movement. The workers ‘movements lacked revolutionary potential and with it subsequent studies took as references to workers’ movements. Lenin (1924), I contribute to expanding the concept to give it a relationship between the social movements of the time with revolutionary parties with the foundation of interests to a political party (León Pérez, 2015).
The Internet in the beginning the Internet aimed to disseminate and serve the scientific community, in order to handle specialized and research information, the Internet known today offers more services and technological improvements in data processing, transmission, transmissionand video and audio reception, with the need to satisfy the new entertainment and telecommunications market. (Méndez, 2005)
As human evolution grows, the means of transmission also do so and on a much wider scale. Electronic sites allow the documentation of different events, this is the case of the ‘Red Movements’ website, in the beginning it was a proposal to promote a research and studies network of social movements in Mexico. This website in 2016 made a call for the First National Congress of Studies of Social Movements, Congress covers different thematic axes starting from theories and methodologies related to the study of movements until the end of the contributions that the movements have had (MartínAguilar, 2016).
The ‘Red Movements’ website starts publications in its magazine ‘Movements’ in 2015, in it present the different stages of the study of social movements. This magazine is divided into sections (research, interview, chronic and testimony article), each section is written professionally and framing the journalistic and informative features. Mexican Network of Social Movements Studies, the institution behind the magazine ‘Movements’ and the ‘Red Movements’ website;I make a compilation of the most solemn talks of the First National Congress of Studies of Social Movements (Mexican Network of Social Movements Studies, 2019).
Thorough mention of this portal is made;since it collaborates directly with social movements, and it demonstrates the importance that technological advances have had so that there is no restriction on communication. This agency uses information and communications technologies as a weapon to be in contact with different types of user, interact directly with researchers and specialists, colleagues related to movements and public interested in the field. This shows that technologies in the 21st century came to revolutionize the interaction of information with the public.
Social movements have not emerged without reasons, every movement is governed based on a motto, a war cry, and Mexico is not the only country that shouts, all of Latin America also calls the masses to fight in its trench andMake a change. That said, from the book Social Movements in Mexico in the 21st century, Luis Tapia;Specialist in Electoral Systems Systems, mentions some principles that govern social movements. The first is to reconstitute people with a greater degree of individual and collective autonomy, the second is reorganization;This reorganization can be political, economic or cultural, and can be given in the three aspects. (Alberto Acosta, 2019, pages. 10 – 13).
Social movements are complex full of challenges and positions against the provisions of the system. Also from the same book Manuel Antonio Garretón mentions the principles of movements, one of them is the problem to face, in other terms, the conceptualization of the social movement is the form of collective action and the tension that will be between two components. Mention on the effect of changes in sociability, which influences the epochal characteristics accompanied by the absence of a central problem. Therefore, everything regarding the transformations of sociability must be reviewed (Alberto Acosta, 2019, pages. 13-18).
For Mexico, the collective struggle has an important boom during the six -year period 2006 – 2012, resulting in two social movements: ‘Movement for peace with justice and dignity’;This movement towards the events that occurred after "the fight against drugs" begins by the government of Sexenio. (Bizberg, 2015) The second movement was ‘#Yosoy132’, movement made through social networks specifically Twitter, in support of the 131 students of the Ibero -American University, the motto of this movement was to demand reforms of democratization on the media, education and economics, in general terms, the protest was directed to the political system (Telesur, 2017).
As we can see the movements previously exposed, they are made with a collective base organized from social networks, there we verify that the use of information and communications technologies has a beneficial approach to social struggles, since, from this medium, it isThey have had a union with different people who also want a current change and for future generations.
An important antecedent on student movements and that had very unfortunate consequences, was the annual march of the 1968 student slaughter. The nightmare for family members began in 2014, a commemoration allegedly ended with the life of young students from the town of Ayotzinapa, Guerrero. The last whereabouts of 43 students known was in police cars and from which they are missing since then. Since this happened, the slogan of “alive took them. We want them ”, marches orchestrated by family, friends and people who support the movement (Franco, 2018).
Illustration 1 Source: The New York Times: Images of the 43 students of Ayotzinapa missing in September in 2014 Credits: Carlos Jasso/Reuters.
A protest motto which became a symbol for tens of thousands of disappeared innocents. In these movements the reality of Mexico is seen, a reality full of violence, insecurity and disappointments by the government, the country is submerged in a very deep hole where progressive movements are seen as threats instead of seeing themselves as transformations for the country. Social movements in Mexico emerged in the second decade of the century, do not begin as slogans before the political-institutional agenda, but from everyday life: violence and aggressions to different sectors of the population that seek justice, responses or simply byHis sex (Pleyers, 2018).
The text social movements of the 21st century by Ricardo Martínez, portrays the movements of Latin America, in a section of the text makes an appointment of “mobilize or administer social discontent?”, The National Democratic Convention (CND);I carry out a debate on the conduct of millions of Mexicans for electoral fraud and the continuation of the neoliberal model. The CND approves Andrés Manual López Obrador as legitimate president. The text implies that they are plans built by institutions, which only manages decisions based on what the population seeks, due to the evidence of inconsistencies in the political system (Martínez, and others, 2008).
Social movements have as characteristic an organizational informality capacity, this is due to the development and application of unconventional methods, these collective groups use in their favor the mastery of ICT to facilitate communication processes and decision -making. The new social movements have as a quality in the case of joining the public, managing an ideology, whether concern about threats to life or struggle for a better world. (Flores Malador & Cortés Vazquez, 2016)
Each defends a vulnerable sector, the first defends the ecosystem and tries to create awareness (pollution, discrimination, shortage of natural resources, extinction of species, to mention some) and the second defends peace, respect for the general population(Human Rights, Cultural Integration, among others). Another characteristic of social movements is the close relationship that has with ICT, the work done by Professor Jorge Alberto Machado of the University of Campinas, gives us the qualities that use the movements that dominate the ICT (Flores Malador & Cortés Vazquez,2016).
This author tells us that among social movements there is a series of coincidence in the case of the use of ICT;The first is as an instrument of organization and communication. Creating the union with other civil and collective organizations to obtain a mutual benefit between the alliances formed. The second point in favor of ICT is in the flexibility that social networks have due to the speed and effectiveness of individual use, and the potential diffusion of the same. (Flores Malador & Cortés Vazquez, 2016)
It is lived with constant information management, from the beginning of the day until it ends, the use of the media such as radio, newspaper, television, internet and social networks have an important role in the management of theInformation that receives an entire audience. Thanks to the media, the interaction between personal, labor relationships and even sentimental relationships have had an important change. (Technological University of Valle del Mezquital, 2015)
In Mexico the 40 figures were found.9 million users in a study conducted by the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI), in 2012 to see the number of users connected to the Internet, the indices were taken from 2001 to 2012, giving the quantity said withanteriority. For Mexican society, the penetration that the use of devices has had and the Internet has become indispensable, this is certain that social movements were not exempt from the use of these means to achieve and have more impact on the population (SuarezGutierrez, 2020).
Hyperconexion exist in contemporary society, facilitates protest, social mobilization, democratic participation on public debates, etc. ICT came to favor society to expand their criteria on how the world is seen, they have helped disseminate information nationally, internationally and worldwide. Thanks to the different channels that promote freedom of expression without restrictions. Although not everything is honey on flakes and mostly believe in false arguments disseminated in these media. The mere fact is known what happens beyond your community is a privilege that offers us the infrastructure of ICT. (Domínguez Virgen, 2015)
conclusion
In conclusion, social movements have existed from the disagreement of a collective group, these groups seek autonomy, and a new face for society and new generations. Not only does it seek to have a benefit for today, it is sought that new generations do not live with these problems, which in future future is a balance on ideologies and there is more awareness in each individual.
Information and communications technologies serves to publicize the facts that move the world. The protests and accusations, which are convened through social networks, the world moves based on the publications made on these platforms and gives rise to rebellions due to the injustices that the political system of each nation has. The growing increase in users who use these media, together with the questions that arise as society opens the eyes, are a weapon to start social movements.
Although it should be mentioned that not any incentive that one to a social group is commemorated as movement, as well exposed any social movement must have an ideology that not only favors the group that fights for the cause but also, future generations areThe most benefited.
The excessive use of ICT has helped the slogans of each movement be seen in all regions of the country, as for the whole world. A clear sample of a movement over our times is feminism, criticized by many, hated by others, but without knowing that it is a movement not only with a historical base that remote from centuries before ours, but also that it has amotto. A collective motto for all women, and is being free, to question a normalized machismo and to seek justice for unsolved cases.
Given the previous example, this movement has used ICT to make a dissemination about what is done, that it is sought and that it is not, especially the arguments of favorable and the little credibility of a general population. Starting a movement that aims to revolution requires an organization, a broad criterion about what is sought and a massive impulse of acceptance by a population that has a similar ideology in mind and identify with this.
The impact that information and communications technologies have had on the 21st century and on top of social movements has had a transcendence of how human beings perceive information and how we use it. They are innumerable of benefits and disadvantages that has brought technological advances to humanity, but the greatest change they brought was the perspective, vision and burst of changes.
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