History of Earth Risk Estimation
Throughout history, land landslides have been considered a serious danger to communities, since they cause the loss of human lives, the destruction of properties and a deep environmental effect around the area in which they occur.
In 1999, Venezuela was impacted by a hydrometeorological event caused by strong rainfall that mainly affected the state of Vargas due to its geological, geomorphological, topographic characteristics and the consequent settlement of the population in a very vulnerable area. It was one of the worst disasters that have been registered in Latin America, known worldwide as the "1999 Vargas disaster". The event occurred made clear the vulnerability, as well as the risk in which the population and the economic and residential infrastructure of the State is found in the event of landslides and floods; This situation was corroborated with the events that occurred in December 2000 and February 2005, events whose damages were to a lesser extent for the region compared to the 1999 episode, but which, however, warns about the short recurrence of adverse scenarios of This nature.
In the summer months and/or given the presence of the child’s phenomenon, various cities in Peru are affected by landslides and floods due to heavy rains. The Chosica district is no stranger to this situation, so, on many occasions, the population was affected by hazards generated by heavy rains. In the years 1926 and 1987 the ravines were activated in the urban area of Chosica causing millions in economic losses and several dozens of human lives, mainly in the Pedregal creek. Recently in 2012, 2015 and 2017 the ravines were activated, causing flows and the overflow of the Rímac River, where there were few human losses but great economic losses. Although the events are regulated frequently, there are no long -term plans that help mitigate damage.
The particular location of the Jepelacio district, located on the slopes of the Sacha Urco and San Mateo hill, confirms a scenario where there is the possibility of raising damage such as the loss of human lives and infrastructure by a set of threats of natural or anthropic origin; Situation that is aggravated, not having the technical and logistic framework of a risk and disaster management plan. All this adds to the lack of policies, clear rules of use, occupation of the local territory, the lack of studies and technical information to be consulted by the population and personnel of the Municipality.
In the face of the high risk that the landslides represent; Since the appearance of the indications of its reactivation in 2011, no study has been conducted. From that year to the current date, studies or companies have not been reported, in order to know the cause of the reactivation of the sliding, understand the phenomenon, know the committed materials and stabilize it.
It is also vital that planning, educational and awareness alternatives can be generated for the local population in order to prevent disasters from presenting frequently; Likewise, it is of the utmost importance, the way in which the information collected in the field in a participatory way can be translated through cartographic information (maps) with the analysis techniques and thus propose a series of recommendations, so that the people that people that people that people who who They wish to put into practice the proposed methodology can adapt it according to their own characteristics.
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