Hip hop, hidden musical genre
Since ancient times, a certain period of history is associated with its music, painting or architecture. If you talk about the Civil War, you come to mind military march songs or if you think about the reign of José II of Austria, you automatically listen to Mozart. Music has always followed the story, something that continues to happen currently.
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To talk about hip hop culture in Spain you have to go back to the mid -twentieth century.
After the hard stage of Franco’s persecution, in the 50s there is an opening of the regime. With this opening, Spain begins to westernize and considered a pseudo-democratic country. One of the events that made the regime open were the pacts of Madrid in 1953 signed between the United States with President Eisenhower and with Franco’s government. With the signing of these pacts, the United States managed to build four military bases established strategically to better control the movements of the Soviet Union in the initiated Cold War. In exchange for this, the United States financially helped Spain after the disasters in the Civil War.
We moved 20 years later to the New York neighborhood of Bronx, specifically to Sedgwick Avenue. African -American young people, with the influence of African music and genres such as jazz or R&B, create hip hop with thefinality of criticizing the racist situation with which they lived or telling their own experiences. To the music of hip hop (rap), a dance accompanies him;Bboying or Break Dance, dance influenced by the sauce and kung fu.
This music begins to expand strongly in the cities of cities with artists already recognized as Afrika Bambaataa or Public Enemy. Gender is consolidated and more and more people introduce this culture in their personal life.
The music of these artists was with a hype and box base or with simple songs already recorded, such as the case of Vanilla ICE, whose song “Ice Ice Baby” uses as the basis of the song “Under Pressure” by Queen withDavid Bowie.
The letters harden with respect to the stage of the 70s (more evasive themes) explaining the harsh reality that existed in the most street ghettos such as the Bronx or Compton (neighborhood of Los Angeles), thus emerging the gangsta rap of the groups of the groupsN.W.A O ICE T. This subgenre was very controversial, because they criticized the State and its institutions, giving the case of the group of group N.W.To "Fuck Tha Police", which led the group to have serious problems with the FBI.
This hard and critical subgenre has led society to consider rap as a genre that should not be heard. Criticism shows reality, something that the governments of countries do not want you to see.
Introduction of culture in our country
In the first stage of the 80s and with Boom of Hip Hop in America, the US military located in the bases of Torrejón de Ardoz, Morón, Zaragoza and Rota (especially African Americans) listen from their radios this new music.
The military who were at the Base of Torrejón used to go out to discos in the city and listened to this new music. One of the discos they were who was called Stone’s, considered the cradle of rap in Spain. American life was something exotic for Spaniards and wanted to imitate.
This imitation has its origin in the youth of Torrejón de Ardoz who see with their own eyes that the culture they want to carry in their blood in front of them. They begin to go to these discos where they put the new genre and dress the same as the military that there were there.
At this stage artists such as Frank T or Mc Randy, pioneers of rap in Spanish are announced. As has already been said, the rap is followed by the break dance. The young people were fascinated by the movie Break Street, considering it a model to follow.
Since 1984, agglomerations of people concentrated in places to show their dance skills. Until then, the dance was more successful than rap. Music didn’t pump yet, but the dance did. The complexity of movements, how amazing it is and so on, led people to practice it. So fashionable, it is even made that dance competitions on television or advertisements are made with people dancing break.
Another of the elements marked by hip hop culture is graffiti. In the 80s, the Madrid movement already had graffiti with famous artists like a dock.
The graffiti used are the so -called crush: it is characterized by writing the name of the graffiti artist and ending up underlining or accompanying it with an arrow.
Police initially believed that these signatures were from political parties. These firms were made on walls or posters with markers. Over the years it has been used in colored spray to do graffiti.
Painting these graffiti became illegal and many people have had to pay fines or spend time in jail.
Rap boom and its fall
In contrast to the previous stage, the rap begins to grow while the break leaves a little more side.
An album is published in 1989, the "Madrid hip hop". This is the first hip hop gender album in Spanish. In him there was a compendium of songs by artists like Mc Randy or DNI. In that same year, the Ariola recorder publishes “rap’ in Madrid ”, another album with nine songs by Raperos Madrid. One of these songs is from Mc Randy and Dj Jonco called “Hey Pijo!”, One of the motto of rap in Spanish. There is a criticism of what is contrary to hip hop culture, to which it is not street. The rhythm is very identical to the one that was done in the beginning in the United States with simple rhymes and few metaphors.
Thanks to this issue, hip hop begins to enter society gradually. There are radios stations that are interested in the rise of culture and put rap. One of the best known rap programs on Spanish radios is "La Fourth Part" of the Spanish National Radio.
In 1990, "the rap here" was published, a repertoire of artists songs that were not only from Madrid. This album did not get the fame that was believed to have. The artists were not prepared to echo in society because there are no support and infrastructure that will help them. It is still seen as a passenger fashion.
Within this fall, the Jungle Kings group looks for a hole to rise to fame. This group makes bridge between the origins of Spanish rap and its boom in the social landscape. At the same time as this Madrid group, the BZN group emerged in the other Spanish capital (Barcelona). There were not only rappers, but people who developed the entire hip hop culture with dances, graffiti and the Beat Box subgenre. This subgenre arises due to the heaviness of the speakers that people carried to put the base of rap songs.
The media see this fashion as something serious and as a future, so they use rap as something jocular and easy to do (it continues to occur today as the famous raps of Errejón or Antonio Resines). Many people decided to put aside hip hop for the exhaustion and humiliation generated by the media.
Gender gestation
In the 90s, the rappers look in the need to make models to make a place in the music that was then heard and leave the media aside. The models are recorded in cassette tapes and are sold by the artists themselves without being guided by record.
In 1994, the Violent Poets Club Group (also known as CPV), takes a step forward and publish the first album in Spain of a rap group;Madrid Gross Zone. And it is that the other groups such as Double V or SFDK, among others, were dedicated to recording the models and selling them, which made them not have such a fame and become a foothold in the music.
The previous stage had not closed well and there was the need to open another stage better. As for rhythms and letters, so many paired are stopped, more complex metaphors and letters begin to be used. With the album “Fact is simple” of the Group 7 notes 7 colors, the rap was opening and we reached the best rap stage in Spanish.
The Golden Age
It begins in 1995 by jumping groups such as Double V (Vil Violators), only the Sol.
Rap is influenced in the southern area by flamenco at the hands of Mala Rodríguez, and in the center for the exception. People like this music that had not yet penetrated.
At this stage three of the most important hip hop albums are published in Spanish: Iberian luxury of Mala Rodríguez, vices and virtues of rapists of the verse and chimera of only the only ones. These albums settle the foundations of what rap will be in Spain.
There is a more complex evolution of the letters with purest metaphors on some occasions or "going to the grain" and criticize the remarkable of the moment, the bases cease to be so mechanized with hype and box and use more samples. Individually highlight rappers such as Kase or, a member of rapists of the verse that wrote its first themes with 13 years, or NACH at the level of ingenuity and with very sentimental letters without ignoring the criticism.
With the rap boom, festivals of this genre began to be created in particular. The media already seriously see this genre and decide to introduce rap. Radios, televisions or cinema themselves are interested in hip hop. The Langui (belonging to the group The Exception) won a Goya with the song of the movie "El Truco del Manco" and Nach was also nominated for a better soundtrack for his song in the movie "Verb", for example.
At this time there is a diversity of subgenres such as the conscious rap with artists such as Shariff or Nach, the gangsta rap with toteking, rap jazz with Rafael Movowski, reggae-rap with morodo or swan fyahbwoy and political rap with the chikos of cornor the Chojin.
Commercial rap and rap protest
For many, the fact that groups such as Natos and Waor or artists such as Kase or have signed contracts with large recordings or multinationals is to sell and not be faithful to culture. What these people do not understand is that since its origins, rap wants to enter society to serve as an example, partner and show us the reality that exists. That artists "sell" is an advance. Beret or Arkano have managed to be in number 1 of music lists in our country. Great festivals such as Viña Rock attend Hip Hop artists and are very sought after by people. This means an advance for culture.
On the other hand, we have rap protest. This subgenre emerged towards 2014 as a mescolanza between political rap, gangsta rap and rap hardcore. The lyrics of these songs are very critical, hard and realistic, remembering rap groups of the 80s of the United States. Such is the similarity that artists such as Pablo Hasel with "Death to the Brobones", Valtónyc with "Tuerka Rap" or Ayax and Prok with "Polizzia" have been persecuted by censorship and the law gag during the government of Rajoy. Other artists who use rap protest are Hard Galiza, Ciniko, Sixth Day, Sons of Aguirre with a theme of criticism of the State and Society.
Bibliography
- Arcos, r. d. (Address). (2014). Two dishes and a micro (30 years of hip hop in Spain) [film].
- The ‘Muellero’ style. The ‘dock’. (March 2, 2014). Obtained from https: // MadridMepriva.WordPress.com/2014/03/02/El-Muelle/
- Hip hop. (June 12, 2019). Obtained from wikipedia: https: // is.Wikipedia.org/wiki/hyp_hop
- Hip hop in Spain. (June 3, 2019). Obtained from wikipedia: https: // is.Wikipedia.org/wiki/hyp_hop_espa%c3%b1ol#origin_de_la_culture
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