Francisco I of France and his role in Spanish history
Carlos V de Habsburg or Carlos I of Spain was an emperor of the Roman-Germanic Empire. He inherited the kingdoms of Castilla, Aragon and Navarra. He was also elected Emperor of Germany. In the 18th century, in the 18th century, it was an extensive empire composed of the House of Austria, by the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, by Lombardy, Franco County, Duchy of Milan, Artois and other lands of the New World conquered by Spain. Son of Felipe de Habsburg, who became king of Castilla and Juana I of Castile. He was a direct descendant of the house of Germany and Austria and was a direct descendant of the house of Spain. With his grandfather’s death, Fernando V, Carlos receives the kingdoms of Castilla, Aragon and Navarra from inheritance. Two months after his grandfather’s death, Carlos is proclaimed king. As he had no chance of going to Spain, he commissioned the bishop of Ultrecht to govern that country. The nobility did not see with good eyes the fact of being governed by a foreigner and accused the ruler of hiding the country’s wealth of censoring national customs and oppressing the population. Before the crisis, Carlos V decides to move to Spain and govern the country himself. But dissatisfaction only rose with tax rise. In 1519, the death of Maximiliano I, emperor of the Roman-Germanic Empire is given. Carlos V was the main heir and thus received Austria, the Netherlands, Flanders, Artois and the Franco County. The lack of an army, the lack of interaction between the different regions, the lack of money, the affirmation of the nobility and the national interests, were some of the reasons that hindered the dream of Carlos V to produce a vast empire. In 1520, in Spain, the first, of a series of revolts against Carlos V.
Francisco I of France resolves to oppose the power of Carlos V. He invades Italy, with the support of the Swiss troops, but ends up prison. Free, Francisco I does not give up. Solomon I of Turkey is allied, and starts new war with Carlos V, with losses from both sides.France recovers on Burgundy and gives up the claims about Italy. Religious disputes marked the empire of Carlos V. They began in 1517, with the breakdown of Martin Luther with the Vatican and the consequent beginning of Protestantism. In 1530, Carlos V demanded from German princes, many already converted to Protestantism, who try to silence Luther. In response, the princes come together to face the emperor. In 1552, Carlos V has to flee so as not to be arrested during an attack commanded by Enrique II of France and Maurício de Saxony. On October 25, 1556, Carlos V dja the Spanish kingdom, the Netherlands, the Franco County and Italy, for his son Felipe. Austria and Germany give themselves to their brother. Carlos V died in the monastery, in Spain, on September 21, 1558.From 1521 to 1526 the well -known four -year war occurred.
Francisco I of France and Republic of Venice fought against Emperor Carlos V, Enrique VII of England and the papal states. The reasons for the conflict surrounded the choice of 1519-1520 of Carlos I of Spain as Emperor of the Sacred Roman-Germanic Empire and the need of Pope León to ally to him to combat Martin Luther’s ideas and his Protestantist reform. The war took place in Western Europe, in 1521, when France invaded the Netherlands and helped King Enrique II of Navarra to recover his kingdom. The Emperor, the Pope and Henry VIII signed an alliance against France. The conflitos began in the Italica Peninsula. In the battle of Bicocca, the imperal forces of the army and the papacy defeated the French troops that were expelled from the milanesado. After this fight, the focus returned to the French ground again, while the Republic of Venice signed the peace separately. The English army made an invasion to France in 1523, while Carlos de Bourbon betrayed him, allying Carlos I. What led to the end of the war was the humiliating defeat of him in the battle of Pavia, in which he was arrested and the majority of the elements of his nobility died, he led to the end of the war. Francisco subsequently signed the Madrid Treaty, in which he resigned from his Italian claims, in Burgundy and Flanders.
Until 1518, La Paz remained intact in Europe, after the battle of Marignano, began to break. The main influences of this era (Spain, France, England and the Holy Empire) lived in a period of peace that had been agreed and if someone broke that treaty, everyone else combined to defeat it. The succession of the Imperial Crown was divided by the upper four. Emperor Maximiliano I wanted to see his succession being made by a Habsburg like him and thus campaigned in favor of Carlos I of Spain while Francisco became an alternative candidate. Simultaneously, the papacy and the sacred Roman Empire were forced to fight against the appearance of the reform and the elevar of the ideas of Lutheranism that in addition to theology they used the electoral princes a reason to launch into the imperial powers and the Vatican.Carlos was busy with Luther, which he faced in Worms, as March 1521.
The Council of Trent was the nineteenth advice known to the Roman Catholic Church. He was summoned by Pope Paul III, in 1542, and lasted between 1545 and 1563. It was carried out in the city of Trento, northern region of Italy. The Council of Trent was a response from the Catholic Church in relation to the Protestant reform, begun by Martin Luther in the 16th century. With the evolution of Protestantism, Martín the Catholic Church tried to react through the counter-reform. The Council of Trent tried to punish Protestant ideas in addition to repeating the beliefs of the Catholic faith. Most of the decisions of the Catholic Church were in order to combat Protestant dogmas. There have been numerous decisions such as:
- Punition of the sale of mercies (one of the greatest reasons);
- The principle of salvation by works and for faith;
- Reaffirmed the importance of Mass;- reinforced the cult of the saints and the Virgin Mary;
- The Court of the Holy Office revived (Inquisition);
- They planted the idea of papal efficacy;
- Confirm the existence of a final judgment;- the seven sacraments reinforced;
- Marriage for the members of the clergy;
- Creation of conferences for the formation of priests;
- Confirmation of inseparability indissolubility in marriage. CABARIAN
Religious conflicts originated the crisis of Carlos’s political thought. The German princes joined in the Esmalcalda League, which joined Francisco I in 1532 and this with the Ottoman Sultan Solimán. Due to Carlos I, Spain saw a period of great economic growth. The conquest and beginning of the conquest of America opened doors for new commercializations and the precious metals that came from Mexico and South America served as impulse for all activities and facilitated their combatant campaigns. The constant rise of imperialist preces and politics would end up spoiling the economic activities of Castile and leaving the origin of the disability that was already felt. Its expansion extended in three places of persistence: Central Europe and the recovery of the North African horizon.
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