Ethics and family medicine
The interest in ethical issues related to medical and health decision. In recent decades, with the development of science, new questions will appear, and people who need to analyze in time and participate in the answers to these difficult problems in practice make accurate decisions.
Bioethics training is part of the competence of health professionals, and more in the case of the specialty in family medicine;The specialist in this area is the first contact with the patient in the Mexican health system. Therefore, a basic objective would be to provide future doctors with elements of judgment and thought to understand the bioethical debates that occur in the health and social field. Therefore, training instructions are needed to promote actions (attitudes) so that family medicine residents can freely perform these actions and coordinate the value of professional technical scientific knowledge with the value of global knowledge and spirituality. Try that the stereotype of the robotic doctor for patient saturation, changes to be a humanized person. Our thinking advocates the capacity of bioethics into the basic axis of training of family residents. It is not enough to treat it as a basic ability, but to use it as the basis of all clinical decisions that determine the medical-patient relationship. In the literature on health ethics, the use of medical ethics, bioethics and medical ontology are often found, which are almost synonymous.
Ethics:
Ethics is the science that studies the morality of people in society. It is a practical or normative science, as well as a theoretical science. It consists of a series of rules of conduct, which indicate obligations and obligations to comply. This aspect of ethical thinking is called deontological ethics, the difference between it and pure deontology is that the latter does not reflect on moral obligations and obligations, but considers them as a criterion to comply with.
The reason why ethics is normative is that it studies ethical standards that are of a practical nature and also provides elements of reflection that support the standards. However, he does not mind formulating rules to distinguish between fair and unfair facts, but strives to answer more general and fundamental questions, such as what makes an action good or bad, and it is fair or fair? unfair? On the other hand, we must distinguish between square moralists, which formulate norms and recommend lifestyles that he considers fair and good, and moralists that are responsible for the analysis and interpretation based on historically established moral principles. In addition, it can be called philosophical ethics, in which there are universal reflections aimed at determining and defining universality (if possible), reflections that can be confirmed over a longer period of time and in different cultures. The medical community has long been associated with many ethical statements made for the benefit of patients. The principles adopted in all countries define the basis of glorious medical practice. When we talk about ethics, we refer to philosophical thinking about moral issues, which is understood or interpreted according to the use and habits of a community, whether good or bad, that is, in certain societies and times.
At the same time at the birth of moral or ethical philosophy, because of Socrates and Hippocrates, people began to reflect on the benefits of doctors for patients, and certain responsibilities were established in texts such as the Hippocratic Oath and the law and the law. Since then, the medical profession has established its own codes. The objectives that medicine has recognized are: relieve the disease, cure the disease if possible and take care of the physical, mental and even mental health of the patient.
To achieve its objectives, medicine follows the following mechanisms: disease research, treatment methods and resources available. Analyze the psychological dynamics of the human being, especially patients;Respect the lifestyle of each patient, including factors of their culture, their personal experience and their special conditions when receiving treatment, so that based on them, explaining how to benefit this means a great respect for life, whichIt constitutes a beautiful, unique, invaluable and irreplaceable value, but also represents the need to recognize the dignity of life and the practice of moral values around this premise. At present, the tremendous advances in science and medical technology force us to consider whether the increase in life expectancy is only a benefit, and it is impossible to imagine that this is possible without quality. The company faces the challenge of establishing a reasonable minimum standard of living.
In this way, we return to the concept of human dignity, human rights, autonomy and centrality to define the limits of a reasonable and habitable individual. To understand the meaning of ethics, we must first understand that the purpose of human life is not just to continue living. If life itself is an end, if life lacks an ‘end’, it makes no sense.
When a person thinks deeply, he realizes that life is not enough. You need to live in a certain way, not any kind. In other words, life is necessary, but not enough. Therefore, a question arises, why live? (Question of meaning), and based on this, how to live?
Deontology:
In the most general sense, the term deontology is usually used to refer to ‘professional ethics’, so it is called “professional ethics”, although it should be noted that it also usually limits itself to the expression of precise standards of behavior. And requirements. It should be noted that, in the first place, deontology is a chapter on morality in general, especially in the field of responsibility. On the other hand, professional duties are only part of the general duties. In the same way, he pointed out that there are some basic principles that are an integral part of all historical medical ethics. From ancient times to the present day, not kill. However, there are some minor aspects that will change with time and culture. The acceptance of the elaboration of profiles, the study of patients, the management of medical information or the role of patients and their families in decision making are just some examples.
Bioethics
The concept that remains in force is: "The systematic study of human behavior in the field of life and health sciences based on moral values and principles". According to the two great principles of hypocratic ethics, which is to do everything for the benefit of the patient (benefit) and not damage (without malice), leads us to act under the already well -known premise "Primum non nocere". Part of the reason is that the development of medical thinking and philosophy gave rise to what is now called Bioethics. The difference between bioethics and medical ethics is that the latter refers only to the search for benefits among sick people and those that aim to promote health, while bioethics solves all problems inherent to life.
Family Medicine:
You can’t talk about the health system if you don’t think about moral commitments related to medical commitments. Broadly speaking, health care means the search for human health or sick patients, regardless of being sick or people who take preventive measures to avoid this disease. The central concern of medicine and, of course, doctors are the interests of patients and moral responsibilities involved in their search. In this sense, most moral issues and moral reflections that trigger focus on the medical-patient relationship. The sum of patient autonomy is the basic concept. It allows to change the traditional, paternalistic position, to seek co -responsibility in decision making. The advantage is that the patient’s opinions and his family come into play. Decisions cannot only be techniques. They imply multiple factors, which depend on the characteristics and conditions of each individual and on each specific medical case. Therefore, when feasible, considering the opinions, knowledge and concerns of patients and their relatives, it will be possible to do things conveniently.
In summary, primary and basic moral obligation and knowledge, capacity, diagnostic process and the most specific treatment plan of the doctor are related to preparation. In this sense, it should be understood that this is a responsibility that requires continuous updates by doctors. It is not enough to know that it is not enough to receive adequate school or residential training. Patients are not allowed to deprive the possibility of adequate treatment. Acting with negligence or commission is absolutely acceptable.
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