Essay on manufacturing processes
Introduction
The manufacturing processes are a very important part in the production area and for us as engineers, since we must analyze and understand how the products are being handled and with what systems the transformation of materials and the steps are carried out that follow, when already a finished product.
We will see the types of manufacturing processes and some of them are explained to have an idea that each one is treated. These processes have been implemented for several years, even times, in which they were discovered over time, ways to improve production and thus make a bigger benefit for all.
Manufacturing processes
A process is the set of related and ordered activities to which a specific objective is achieved. The manufacturing process is an idea that arose following the industrial revolution, when they took a model a model served practically for all sectors of commerce and the economy: chain production, in which the important thing was to obtain results within periods Specific.
Manufacturing processes should not be confused with production. While the latter refer to the productive chain as such, from the conception of, to materialization and marketing, the first specifically allude to the actions that are related to the product itself.
Or to say it in another way: the manufacturing processes are part of the production processes, which are much more complicated and developed, since they not only focus on the finished article or product, but also deal with the logistics of the others elements that act directly or indirectly in it.
The manufacture consists of concrete actions, grouped into a few objectives and generally coordinated by team or department leaders. Manufacture is to do, correct, improve, implement and assemble.
Production costs must be the lowest possible that, without affecting the required quality, allow competing in the market. Sales prices in conquered markets must be favorable enough to yield such profitability that leaving profits assuming that operating investments are made with capital borrowed in banks.
There are four usual models of the manufacturing processes that are:
- Lot manufacturing:
Companies that use this model are generally divided into plants, in each of which a specific manufacturing work is developed. And that allows the exit of large volumes of finished items and products; Hence it is ideal for large multinationals or reference companies in a market.
- Continuous manufacturing:
These types of processes do not divide the manufacture into lots or departments. The whole process occurs in the same place and its different phases keep a close, consecutive relationship that is increasing. Refineries are a good example of this.
- Chain manufacturing:
Chain manufacturing is much more intense than continuing. The manufacturing process chain is clearly defined and the article must go through each of the points provided until its full materialization. Each task, even the first, is due to the results of the previous.
- Project type manufacturing:
Requires a high dose of planning and estimation of deadlines and costs. It is the most punctual model of the four exposed and therefore has to group the manufacturing processes of short or medium term.
Classification of manufacturing processes
Manufacturing processes are classified into two types of operations, processing and assembly.
The foundry is a forming of metals and alloys consists in the preparation of a mold (sand, metal or other material) with the shape of the piece, in which the molten material is poured (sneaks), letting it cool until its complete solidification. There are different molding systems and among them are: Continuous mold, lots or pieces and pressure and gravity cast.
The formation of deformation consists of: elastoplastic deformation, which is a conformation by deformation and/or permanent modification of the form of a solid applying tensions higher than the elastic limit of the material, at temperatures lower than that of merger. One of the advantages of this process is that they are rapidly of the transformation, great deformations can be made and there is a saving of material, in addition to improving the physical properties of the material. It has three limitations that are, in its form, its finish and has high powers.
Elastic recovery is a practice that always exists once the load disappears. One of the solutions could be to deform the material more than necessary, so that once it is recovered elastically geometry it approximates what is being sought. Rolling, manufacturing of beams, presses, sheet form, folding, deep environments, with holder and punched are all types of conformations for deformations that we can also find.
The next is the forge: if it is forged to blows and adequate t the grains are lengthened and subdivided into minor grains (grain refine greater resistance and tenacity) if t> t (recrystallized) the grains are binded (growth of grain frailization). There are two types of forge, open and formed by printing.
conclusion
In summary, production processes have evolved over time, as far as we know them now. And they are implemented in a way that is indispensable for engineers, and people who work near the raw material or already as a finished product. Since having knowledge of this helps you discover new forms or steps to improve production and in some cases expedite processes.
I learned a lot about this topic since I was not really familiar with this issue and it was very helpful to read with details about this.
Bibliography
- https: // www.obs-edu.com/es/blog-project-manage/project-project/four-type-of-processes-of-manufacture-that-knowledge-know
- https: // repository.one D.Edu.CO/BITSTREAM/10596/4998/1/332571_MODULO2011.PDF
- http: // ocw.UC3M.is/engineering-mecanica/systems-product-y-manufacture/material-of-class/theme-2.PDF
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