Epistemology in pedagogy and its two factions
Today there is a debate that has apparently divided the educational world, both teachers and researchers basically have two ideological factions. The first faction is represented as pedagogues of the old school that believe that all teaching and instruction should be based on classic approaches to universal truths, on an environment, exhibition and didactic. The second faction is represented as social constructivists, that they believe that nothing is true and that students can only learn by building their own knowledge and behaviors through unnualized experiences. This debate has infiltrated all discussions on teaching, learning and education in scientific and professional conferences, in scientific and professional journals and, in many countries, even in the media and national politics.
However, which of the two factions are right?, It is notorious that both have important applications, but we also know that neither is correct and that the "truth" could be said in the middle. "The question about the epistemology of pedagogy opens various problematization scenarios that require unveiling how and why something has acquired status of unquestionable evidence, and allows us to expand suspicion and critical possibility". (Boom, 2016) and to be able to provide a possible solution necessary to define and have two fundamental terms: epistemology and pedagogy.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge and what means knowing something. It is a branch of science that studies nature, methods, limitations, validity of knowledge, beliefs and addresses questions such as: What is knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? What do people know? In more common terms, he studies how someone who practices a profession understands his profession and acquires new knowledge in that profession. For the natural scientist, it could be the ‘scientific method’ that is often done as a team. For the anthropologist it could be an ethnographic investigation of a group or society that is being studied. And for the philosopher it could be dialogic in debate with others.
Pedagogy, on the other hand, is the art or science of being a teacher, generally refers to strategies or instructional styles. Pedagogy can be generalsociety.
After being clear about the concepts, the component appears where these concepts are reflected: the student, the epistemology helps to explain the students’ learning results, following the curricula and based on more effective research and curricula, boost theStudent Discover high quality knowledge. It also helps identify the epistemological resources that students possess and understand what resources are using during the learning process, so that the most productive approaches to learning can be chosen, however the developers of modern study plans and designers ofInstruction confuse the epistemological nature of an area with the psychological bases of learning and pedagogical bases for teaching. Epistemology refers to how accepted knowledge and validation procedures of that knowledge are acquired;Pedagogy refers to how something is taught, taking as an example, natural and social sciences, epistemology is often based on experimentation, discovery and tests. Study plans designers who use a research or research learning approach operate with the belief that the way science is practiced is also the best way to teach and / or learn it. And that is why these teaching approaches lies in the inability to distinguish between learning and doing;When ignoring that students are not experts practicing something, but rather novice learning about something.
In conclusion, whatever "knowledge", it is indisputable, that education aimsHow to impart this knowledge to students: the science and development of teaching and learning approaches for knowledge and that is, as we come to the relationship of epistemology with the most familiar concepts of pedagogy is of educational debate, so ""Instead of speaking in the name of an epistemology, a theory of knowledge, of a totalizing theoretical system, an approach to describe, a way of problematizing, a new way of looking, a systematization of practices could be chosen.”(Boom, 2016)
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