Current or Movement of Psychology: Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a current or movement of psychology which was structured by philosophical and psychological movements which had a direct or indirect influence. It arises in response to the first experimental psychology, with the aim of describing, explaining, perceiving, controlling the object of study. Since for the behaviorists there was the law of the effect which is that a behavior is equal to an answer and the environment is equal to a stimulus. There are several approaches such as classical conditioning, connectionism, antiquity principles, operant conditioning, observation and imitation. Its beginnings were from the XXX to L. There are several influential characters for their creation which are: John Broaudes Watson, Iván Petropich Pávlov, Burrhus Frederick Skinner.
Developing
The most influential behaviorists tried. Watson said that the psychologist controls and predicts the behavior that we are totally dependent on the environment. Watson was an American psychologist who was one of the most important of the twentieth century, since he was the founder of the first behaviorist school through his article (psychology as he sees the behaviorist) thus providing contributions to education through the studyof behavior and behavior focusing on the behavior of man and how he influences learning. He has taken the results of the Pávlov experiment which I call psychic secretions. Watson said that he could receive a certain number of children and he promised to choose a random and turn it into a specialist or a thief, since he said that through learning the use of the strictly experimental procedure to study observable behavior is defended to study observable behavior,These procedures are known as classical conditioning which, consisted of which an answer is achieved through a stimulus and the operant which is that the form of learning where voluntary behaviors are used this conditioning, are divided into 3 types: Molding, reinforcer, punishment. Watson experimented with animals, but his first intervention with humans as subjects of study was with the little 11 months albert to which a white rat was presented with which he did not feel any kind of fear then, I present a rat, but this time accompaniedof a strong sound with which if he was afraid, but to the sound then, at the time of presenting the Rat Albert associated the rat with the strong sound which produced fear and so when he saw the rat thought that that strong sound would occur.
Pávlov was a Russian physiologist who is known for his experiment with the dogs with which Watson hosted their results in order to experience and obtain results which were mentioned above. Pávlov through, of his experiment I create what today is called classical conditioning He consists in the association of an initially neutral stimulus with a significant stimulus, these these compounds of: unconditioned stimulus, unconditional response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response this means thatThe attention focuses on the stimulus which will have an answer. His experiment with the dogs was a process in which he realized that every time he took food to the dog the dog segregated saliva then, when he took food to the dog would also sound a bell, so the dog associated food withbell, so when listening to the bell would also produce saliva without seeing the food. Unlike this method which only offers positive answers, in this case food. There is another conditioning which leads to 2 types of reinforcements a negative or reservoir to this is called the cause and effect this applies in the operating conditioning, since it molds the behavior such as a child molds a sand castle on the beach on the beach. Its founder Skinner said that he had discovered a learning method to increase or reduce the probability that this behavior occurs in the future very similar to Watson’s theory, since they want to predict and control behavior.
conclusion
We can conclude that these authors are contemporary, thereby interpreting the theories or complementing them as the case of Skinner and Watson. Then they concluded that a stimulus would obtain an answer or that even positive or negative reinforcements can modify the behavior in the future based on their experiments which were very questioned, but for them the most important thing at that time was to createTo psychology as such and create behaviorism and give it an exact definition of it, since they were anti -mental then rejected all Freud’s theory that is also contemporary, since they all stimulus should be measurable and verifiable.
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