Criminology, Evidence of Learning and Integration of Theories
Introduction
Criminality today is a complex phenomenon, where in order to explain or understand the way in which the motivation was given in individuals to perform an improper act that can be classified as a criminal act, it must be through the studyand analysis of a large number of factors involved, being for this that we use the tools grantedAs a science of recent creation, contributions continue to be established and is not yet completely seen as an independent science, capable of making contributions by itself and that is why some authors still consider it as a part that integrates other sciences andNot as an independent science.
Developing
It can be considered that criminology is established as an independent science at the end of the 19th century, based on the other sciences responsible for the delivery of justice and reduction of criminal acts, initially recognizing three initial schools, the classical school where its main promoterFerri establishes that the crime is a voluntary act so the offender must be responsible for his actions in addition to the fact that the concept of punishment is based on obtaining justice using this as a tool for crime prevention. The positive school takes the main ideas of Lombroso, Ferri and Garofalo, taking as one of its main contributions the inclusion of the scientific method for obtaining the causes of criminal acts, they also consider that crimes also involve social and physical factors, in additionto consider that the sanction must have as its objective the rehabilitation of the individual, so it must be carried out including anthropological and sociological bases to be able to achieve the established objectives. The ecletic school integrates in its ideas basic thoughts of the two previous schools, this confusion being the basis of generations for different schools where the ideas of the positive school and the classical school are mixed in different ways, some of those that surviveWithin current criminal systems.
The investigation of the motivations that lead to individuals to commit the criminal acts has taken different paths trying to involve the factors that may have an influence on the individual so that it is able to perform an act that is considered inappropriate or an act that It is considered a crime based on the norms and laws in force within a society, the orientations that these investigations have had can be divided into three basic aspects, the biological orientation where the functioning of the brain is studied trying to establish what is normal inside of this functioning and looking for the causes of inappropriate behavior in some failure of this functioning within the individual’s same brain, social orientation takes up ideas from criminal sociology where the individual is considered to receive influences within his social environment and the physical environment in The one who develops, being these influences that provide form to the CA Cter of the individual and therefore determine how it will react to these same stimuli to which it is constantly subjected within this space in which it is located, being the cause that the answer is not adequate before a stimulus and It ends by carrying out an incorrect act or the commission of a crime, the psychological orientation hello uses the tools provided by the study of the mind to establish the conditions that could create some pattern of thought within the individual that can make it a prone to the commission of a criminal act, studying the learning process in individuals from childhood and the way in which more responding to the stimuli of the environment The individual based on their experience and learning throughout their lives.
The schools and orientations of criminology have as a basic objective to identify the causes by which individuals can commit a criminal act in this way to create tools that help them avoid reducing crime within society.
conclusion
Criminology as a science, comes to provide specific tools, which although they use knowledge that has been generated by other sciences, these are used within the approach to obtaining knowledge of the motivations and causes that cause criminal acts to be committed, byWhat is very useful for professionals in public security areas, since it allows usIn addition to this can be evaluated the efficiency of the acts we are carrying out and how they impact the commission of criminal acts. For all this, criminology will provide us with different tools with which we must relate to its use, in addition to the fact that as a science it is in constant modification so we must be able to adapt to the updates that are made within it toin this way to be able to use new knowledge and discard those theories that are refuted within it.
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