Cloning Of Stem Cells For Organ Reconstruction

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Cloning of stem cells for organ reconstruction

The "Stem Cells", better known as stem cells or trunk cells, are part of each living organism, whose difference between the rest of the cells is that they are able to give rise to different types of tissue, and also creating new cells.

Its main characteristic is the ability to divide and procreate new stem cells, in addition to the potential to create ripe cells of different models.

On the other hand, these cells have shown to be a renewable source for the cultivation of human cell tissues suitable for differentiating from an extensive variety of cells of cells that would have large applications in basic research and transplant therapies. Being part of regenerative medicine, which is one of the branches of medicine that is evolving remarkably in recent years, consequently, of research on this type of cell and its ability to transform into a regenerating cell.

As already mentioned, the scientific advances that have been applied in medicine increased evolutionively and efficiently, because more information about this cell is discovered every day that has been manifested to be very potential. Its occupation in replacement therapies has allowed medicine.

In this project, the proper bibliographic review was carried out with the objective of disseminating its generalities and application, as well as related to basic research carried out in that field and the main achievements obtained.

Problem

The basic and clinical research that has been generated in recent years about the "Stem Cells" or stem cells and their possible therapeutic benefits have established what has been called "a revolution in regenerative medicine".

Treatments with these cells have allowed a new type of treatment that can be registered as regenerative cell therapy and that is currently one of the most intriguing issues in contemporary medicine, as in its time was the transplantation ofbone marrow and blood transfusion, which are currently followed as current procedures, but of vital value.

With the studies that scientists have carried out, they have been able to obtain evidence that some of the types of adult stem cells are those that contain greater potential to differentiate between the other cells because they have revealed it on certain occasions. In fact we can mention that hematopoietic stem cells are their best representation (Hernández P. 2009)

Biomedicine, in institutionalized contexts has triedThe need for a high -risk surgical transplant or interventions. However, in recent years studies have been carried out to know the way or strategy to try to reach that result by completing and stratified way.

In Cuba we want to promote better income to have better technology and the possibility of expansion and differentiation of those cells, therefore, a good cell therapy will be obtained and despite the fact that the problems continue advancing thanks to the fact that it was not always countedWith organs for the use of transplant or from the economic field, expenses cannot be covered. For that reason, new knowledge of the stem cell has been obtained for a better study.

For this reason, it is relevant.

Investigation objectives

Investigate the importance of stem cells as a mechanism of regenerating action of affected organs

Specific objectives

  •  Establish exactly the steps to follow for the correct use of stem cells in their cloning.
  •  Discover scientific advances in the study of stem cell cloning.

Justification

The present study is carried out with the purpose of investigating the uses that it has in organ reconstruction, therefore, a way that stem cells can develop and clon a faster and more efficient way, fulfilling a specialized function such as theself-regeneration in organs that need it.

Indeed, stem cells have shown to be ideal for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and cell replacement therapy. This is thanks to its ability to repopulation in vivo in short, medium or long term of regeneration.

Therefore, we intend to investigate how these totipotent cells can self-regenerate and the way it can be cloned to fix or improve an affected organ.

Background

The fact that the stem cell can create another cell was made within the medical fraternity during 1800. In early 1900, the discovery of the first real stem cells which leads to the discovery that these cells could generate blood cells.

For Viviana Rodríguez Pardo (2005), human stem cells have classified in three ways:

  1.  According to its differentiation potential in totipotential, pluripotential, multipotential and unipotential cells.
  2.  According to the tissue of embryonic or adult stem cells.
  3.  According to its tissue repopulation capacity in short, medium or long term of regeneration."

 

In the 1900s, doctors experienced with a transfer of the bone marrow orally to patients with leukemia.

The therapy was successful and covered to perform laboratory experiments dedicated to trying to infuse healthy stem cells to organisms with defective medulla. Consequently, it began to be trafficking with a more difficult process such as bone marrow transplantation. This transplant was made for the first time in France, in the 1950s.

In 1958, the identification of histocompatibility antigens of Jean Dausset, highlighted the fact that the proteins found on the cell surface are leukocytes or HLA antigens.

Other studies were able to show that HLA antigens to help the immune system to determine the cells that are healthy and that belong to the body and successfully create a series of antigens for which the destruction of spell.

Also, in 1960 doctors experienced HLA compactibility and cell transplantation between brothers. In 1973, the first "unrelated" was carried out by the medulla transplant that culminated forming the National Organ Transplant Law in 1984.

This law required the formation of an operational force for the procurement and transplantation of organs responsible for evaluating all aspects related to donation, collection and organ transplantation. In which public and private efforts were evaluated to the provision of organs for transplants as well as identifying the factors that contribute to the decrease in available organs. Procedures for validation of organizations for organizations for organizations were established with this Law.

During this decade, the bone marrow program was on its helm and is in the records above 16.000 transplants. Where fundamentally it was sought to satisfy the cure of immunodeficiencies, hemophilia and blood cancer or also called leukemia.

On the other hand, James Thompson from the University of Wisconsin, isolated the cells of the embryo cell dough in 1998. The result of this study and research, embryonic stem cells were developed. After a period of time, John Gearhart, in the same year he succeeded with obtaining germ cells from the fetus gonadal tissue. The march towards a better compression of the stem cells and their role in the increasing longevity continues until today. 

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