California And Franciscan Missions

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California and Franciscan missions

Introduction

The references are a list with the complete information of the sources cited in the text, which allows identifying and locating them to make sure the information contained there or complement it, if necessary. Next, I make a brief history referring to the Franciscan missions in California. Indicating the website of Santa Cruz (city), Santa Cruz (state), and others. In the 18th century, the Franciscans built 21 missions along the coast of California, starting with the mission of San Diego de Alcalá in the south, to San Francisco Solano in Sonoma north of the city of San Francisco. The latter is the only one built by the Mexican government after its independence. All missions in California suffered damage that reduced them to ruins due to the strong earthquakes of 1812 and 1857.

Developing

Others by fires caused by incursions of American indigenous people who used incendiary arrows;Burning the churches’ straw roofs. The construction of California missions were directed by the Franciscan Father Junípero Serra, the Evangelizing and Colonizer Cura de California. The 21 Californian missions were restored during the twentieth century, and today they are open to cult. The Mission of the Holy Cross was founded in 1791 and was inhabited by the American aborigines of the Ohlone tribe that lived in the area in structures in the form of domes made of tree branches and straw. The Ohlone were a nomadic tribe, fed on hunting, fishing and collected wild foods. The first Spanish explorers from Mexico arrived at Monterrey Bay in 1769. 

The mission was established in Alta California by the Franciscan Father Fermín Lasuen. The original mission was built at the mouth of the San Lorenzo River, relocated to higher land as a result of floods in winter. Church, mill, grain and workshops silos was completed in 1795. It is worth mentioning the incursion of an Argentine pirate “Hipólito Bouchard” well known pro giving the missions in California. The greatest damage to the communities of the missions came from their neighbors, the colonists of European origin that destroyed goods and frightened the resident indigenous people. California missions were secularized in 1834, and Franciscan missionaries forced to abandon their parishioners. The missions were sold and the lands distributed among their residents. 

Soon the missions collapsed and were abandoned, earthquakes and fires ended up turning them into debris and ruins. The second earthquake of 1857 lay down the structures that still remained standing. In 1845 the city of Santa Cruz emerged, a wooden church was built in 1858 where the original mission church was located. The year 1891 passed when the new Church of the Holy Cross (brick) came to replace the old church (brick). All California missions were built with 45 -centimeter adobe bricks for twenty centimeters and eight centimeters thick, a mixture of mud, straw and animal guano. By 1806 inventory of the mission is documented: 2400 heads of cattle, 5400 sheep, 120 pigs, 3200 horses and 92 mules. 

“2074 bushels of wheat, 680 corn, and 67 beans” were harvested. With this harvest approximately 500 people fed (Fanega is the old measurement of aggregate capacity equivalent to 55.5 liters). The entire old mission has been converted into a Museum and Historical Park of Santa Cruz, belonging to the California State Parks System. The visiting schedule is from Thursday to Sunday from 10 am to 4 pm. Volunteers dressed in the opinion of the time guide and explain what life was like in the old Missions of California. The marine biologists of the Louisiana State University, after years of research discovered that bird poisoning when eating an algae that has a poison inside. It was a August 28, 1961 in the local newspaper Santa Cruz Sentinel, in the Bay of Monterrey.

conclusion

There was a news that said the following: “About three in the morning, a rain of birds rushed on the roofs of the houses waking the population that, scared by the offensive of the seagulls, ran out of their homes and defended itselfWith makeshift fire torches. In the morning, the inhabitants of the city met the streets covered by the corpses of the animals. The birds, which vomited pieces of fish-their own food-released an unbearable and pestilent stench ”. Santa Cruz is twin with the following six cities: Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Alushta, Republic of Crimea, Russia. Jinotepe, Nicaragua. Puerto La Cruz, Anzoátegui state, Venezuela. SESTRI LEVANTE, LIGURIA, ITALY. Shingu, prefecture of Wakayama, Japan.

Bibliographies

Cityofsantacruz.com (Website Design by Granicus). 809 Center Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060.

Critchfield, h.J. (1983).

THE ENIGMA OF THE BIRDS.

Santa Cruz City Official Site.

Santa Cruz County Government.

Free California And Franciscan Missions Essay Sample

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