Book Review: Unpunished Executioners

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Book review: unpunished executioners

This unpunished executioner work was written by four authors who are José Babiono Mora, a doctor in contemporary history, Gutmaro Gómez Bravo, professor of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History, Antony Mice Malez, Professor and Researcher of History and Javier Tébar Hurtado, Associate Professor ofhistory. This book of around 285 and published in 2018 summarizes all the repression of Franco starting with the civil war and continuing until Franco’s death in 1975. The book was originally written at the request of the Support Coordinator to Argentina’s complaint against the crimes of the Franco regime. 

The book thus allows us to highlight the ‘forgotten’ of Franco’s repression, a period that Spain tries to put in the shadow, while addressing two types of audiences. First, the victims, which allows to pay a form of tribute, forgotten by the 2006 Historical Memory Law, which promised: ‘Justice, truth and repair’. But this book also reaches a fairly broad audience, which would not necessarily be aware of the events that overshadowed Spain during Franco’s dictatorship. We know that generations born after repression are almost no knowledge of past events. The very interesting title unpunished executioners highlights this form of punishment that the victims have to live day after day with the injustice of seeing their executioner is unpunished. Why are they unpunished? How and to what extent Franco’s regime violated human rights?

To begin with, the authors provide a historical background to show how Franco’s regime was tied and built. We see the term ‘Nazifachismo’ in the first chapter that served as a model. The course of World War II and the defeat of Nazi Germany and fascist Italy forced Franco’s regime to ‘redefine’ to fight against the progress of communism. We know that after World War II the USA.UU. And the USSR will begin a long rivalry. And that Franco will be seen as an influential person who fought against communism.

Later, the authors define the three fundamental pillars of the Franco regime that favored its construction: ‘The Army, the Falange and the Catholic Church’. Manipulation and indoctrination were, therefore, Franco’s means of strength and pressure to build his totalitarian ideal and have at his feet people who were faithful to him.

In addition, the authors emphasize political violence, especially marked by the coup d’etat of 1936, and also in what the Republicans were subjected by Francoist troops. There is also the testimony of a victim and executioner. This is good for us to have the vision of two people and avoid adopting a kind of favoritism.

The authors answer an important question that the reader has about human rights. How and to what extent their rights have been violated?

The book also shows us some of the areas most affected by violence. The book explains about 600.000 people who are accused of being responsible for violence, thus demonstrating the magnitude of this ‘Empire of Evil’. So there are testimonies of people who have undergone this violence. However, it was not just physical. What else is there? Political exile. There was so much pressure on the winning side that many Republicans had to flee to France. Thousands of children also had to leave Spain to be sent to other European countries and not have to suffer the atrocities of war. In addition, other forms of violence left no trace. There is no documentation to say if it really took place. Rape, extortion, shaved women. With this additional contribution to violence, authors demonstrate even more violent nature of this repression. But also that women were particularly affected.

Torture is also a form of violence without evidence. Victims testify to this, which allows you to realize the terrible burden they have suffered. It was used to obtain information or to indoctrinate the victim and join the Franco field.

The authors also wanted to demonstrate the transformation that Spain suffered with the appearance of the Franco regime. In particular, with categorized communities such as homosexuals. Particularly moved but also very forgotten among the victims. Indeed, the latter were subject to the law of vague and thugs but also to the Danger Law. So the authors, in addition to talking about violence, do not hesitate to evoke this issue that can become ‘taboo’ to show that in addition to violence, homosexuals are treated differently. Sexual orientation is seen as a disease.

Therefore, the book is very well documented and therefore allows to shed light on all its forgotten events, which allows us to question the past and try to update the truth.

The authors have this desire to pay a certain tribute to the victims, but also to include a whole section of people who would not be aware of the past events.

We understand, then, how Franco built his power and brought out his terror, what means he used, what was the character of this violence, but above all how this transformation that Spain experienced during its dictatorship reached an unimaginable breakup point in terms of rights of rightshumans.

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