Attention and hyperactivity deficit disorder and that implies
Introduction
Attention deficit disorder is the most important psychiatric problem of all who affect school -age children. Because of this I have chosen ADHD as the theme of my essay. In my opinion it is one of the most common disorders in the school environment, however, the ignorance of what TDAH really prevails.
This essay will consist of two parts, the first one to put all the information collected and the second part reflection on the aforementioned.
Information about ADHD
ADHD, is a disorder which implies a deficit in attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. This covers large dimensions, so, it should be called "attention deficit and hyperactivity deficit syndrome" (SDAHA). This contains three subtypes: in the first one hyperactivity predominates, in the second the attention deficit and, finally, in the third the attention deficit and hyperactivity. It is also the origin of personal dysfunctions for the child himself, but also for family, school and society.
From the first definitions at the beginning of the last century to the most current.,2006). The point of attention has changed, first stood in hyperactivity to subsequently focus on attention deficit as the main symptom of this disorder.
The first description more similar to this disorder was made by doctor George Still in 1902. However, until today, there have been several definitions that have been made on ADHD. The first one was carried out in 1990, by Barkley: “Attentional deficit disorder with hyperactivity is a developmental disorder characterized by inattention levels, overactivity and impulsivity inappropriate from the evolutionary point of view. These symptoms often begin in early childhood, are of a relatively chronic nature and cannot be attributed to neurological, sensory, severe language or motor alterations, to mental retardation or severe emotional disorders. These difficulties are normally associated with deficits in behaviors governed by rules and a certain performance pattern ”(Barkley, 1990). In summary, Barkley emphasizes that this disorder is incurable, that is, the symptoms it causes will be presented in a valuable and continuous way.
From the beginning it has focused as a child disorder, however, it includes all ages. Can persist in adulthood so that actions that are controlled at this age hinder. As for the evolution of this term throughout history, the different ways with which it has been treated can be highlighted. All this began in 1952 with the English doctor George Still, which began to observe in a group of children a series of behaviors in which the attention was not the strong point of these. In addition, it should be noted that before determining that the best definition for this disorder is ADHD, obtained names such as "minimum brain damage" and "minimal brain dysfunction".
Next, the main symptoms related to ADHD should be highlighted: little self-regulation such as irritability, emotional insecurity, difficulty following orders and low frustration tolerance. That is, “we know that children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (ADHD) present, among other difficulties, problems to perform tasks related to the process of focusing and executing efficiently, managing two information systems simultaneously, as well as problems with problems with problemsExecutive functions and the ability to change attention adaptively, resist the tendency towards perseverance and have an efficient working memory ”(F. J. Quintero Lumbreras, 2009;3).
ADHD, over the years has been increasing. It is estimated that a few years ago ADHD was in 4%-6%, while in the most current studies it is highlighted that it is around 10%-20%. ADHD is thought to predominate more in men than in women, as well as more hyperactivity in men and women’s attention deficit. In addition, most cases with ADHD are hereditary.
Recent research such as Coghill, Nigg, Rotheemberger, Sonuga-Brke and Tannock (2005) propose the existence of casual heterogeneity and incorporate multiple levels of ADHD analysis: biological, cognitive, behavioral … focusing at all times on how environmental influencesThey can interact at any of the three levels following the Morton and Ftiz model (1995).
On the other hand, children who have ADHD usually sleep badly and most begin to walk late. In addition, they usually show flat feet and fear when sleeping alone with the need to turn on the light (in some cases all night). During the school age they are children, immature, interrupt the teacher and their classmates, cost them reading and present difficulties in the subjects of Castilian language and literature and mathematics. Its motor skills are clumsy both to take the pencil and sports.
As for the diagnosis, it is still fundamentally clinical (Quintero-Gutiérrez et al, 2006; Barbudo et al, 2006). This is usually fast especially in children who have a predominance of hyperactivity. If, on the contrary, the attention deficit predominates the medical history will be quite helping to detect it. Next, once the ADHD is detected, the favorable factors for a favorable evolution in terms of the treatment to follow are the following: a good understanding of parents and teachers, not to give them without demanding more than reasonable, school in which they know andThey can help you … on the contrary, some unfavorable factors are the following: family problems, lack of control, poor professional channeling, bad control of impulsivity … In addition, parents who are not guilty of anything should be made to understand and explain thatThis syndrome persists. Both teachers, as doctors and parents must collaborate with each other so that the child’s future school is as favorable as possible.
It should be noted that social influence and support, marriage conflict and lack of parental agreement causes negative effects on the child. Arnoid, O’Lary and Edwards (1997) conducted a study with 71 couples of children with ADHD to observe the support of parents in parenting. The relationship between the father’s support variable and the love variables between the parents, the parental agreement, the degree of identification with the traditional role and the symptoms of ADHD in the father were analyzed by self-reports. Another important aspect in parenting is social support, parents with children with ADHD are continuously exposed to criticism about the behavior of their children. To do this, a proposed solution is the need for support by other relatives so that psychological discomfort decreases and satisfaction increases in a considerable way.
A study conducted in China by Bao-Yu and Lin-Yan (2004), analyzed the influence of the family environment on the development of the child with ADHD. 30 children with ADHD and 30 children without ADHD participated in this study. The conclusions that were taken were that family environment factors are related to the development of behavioral problems. That is, children with ADHD have many more behavioral problems and a poorer family environment.
Personal experience
As for the personal experience about ADHD, I must comment that my brother has this disorder. Because of this, I can contribute and reflect on whether the information that I have presented before in my brother I have been able to observe it. My brother has ADD without hyperactivity, in which his diagnosis was late (with 8 years). As I mentioned before, children who have ADHD are usually made a rapid diagnosis thanks to hyperactivity. So, in my brother we have been able to see this late diagnosis. However, I don’t think it is the only reason for this late diagnosis, perhaps the teachers did not know or were not able to detect it.
My mother was the one who contacted my brother’s tutor to tell her that she did not maintain adequate performance and that she did not understand certain behaviors of this. The teacher commented that she was a pretty distracted child and recommended to my mother a tutoring with the school’s psychologist since, she had also observed everything my mother commented. Then, after having maintained the psychologist, contact my brother, he referred the neurologist since he suspected that the problem was TDA. Once my brother went to the neurologist, it was confirmed that he has this disorder. He prescribed a "mediakinet" medication, which helps him in school hours to concentrate a little more. However, the expected results were not obtained, so he sent another medication "Elvanse". This is taken today, which makes its concentration greater in studies. As for these pills, the neurologist performs continuous monitoring since these can have side effects.
My brother usually concentrates much more with the effect of this medication, however, because the effect does not last all day a change in his behavior at home. Under the effect of medication is much calmer, slow and isolated. When the effect is decreasing it is much more impulsive and sociable. In addition, in my brother we have been able to observe that literacy, the subject of Castilian language and literature and mathematics have always cost him a lot. As I mentioned earlier, motor skills and difficulty in this type of subjects in children with ADHD (H) is much more notable.
In addition, another symptom that I have mentioned before and that I have observed in my brother is the fear of sleeping alone, the tendency to frustration and flat feet. My brother was unable to sleep in the dark, without any light. I really do not know if this is due to ADD, but it catches my attention. As for the tendency to frustration, he has always been an unconformist and impulsive child, perhaps this is what sometimes causes him to have that very characteristic frustration in children with ADD (h) just like immaturity.
As for how he feels or his experience in the classroom, he comments that he has never adapted any exam (as is well recommended in these cases). This is because he always comments to teachers that he does not believe that is necessary and that he is able to do the same exam as the rest of his classmates. I do not believe that this decision that he has made was negative for him, since he has been achieving what he proposes at all times. However, if he had helped him a lot. In addition, the teachers have always told the classroom who is a distracted, vague and restless child. This is quite erroneous by teachers, since instead of trying to know the reason for the behavior they were limited to when he behaved like that, isolate him from the classroom.
Only a teacher chose to place her in the first row to facilitate attention and concentration.
Personal reflection
Next, I will expose my opinion about the information above. ADHD despite being one of the most common disorders in school fields, ignorance for symptoms and what is really this disorder continues to prevail. In my opinion, this happens since it is much easier to cross out children who have this "vague" or "problematic children" disorder. It is not attempt to investigate why the child behaves in certain ways or is observed or a minimum interest in it is shown. They are removed and excluded from the class placing them in the last ranks so as not to "disturb". The teacher should not do this, he must have a minimum of interest in helping the child at all times and that it is integrated into the classroom.
Future teachers must be well trained because if in the future a student has ADHD to know how to face this and how to act. We will be the ones who are in continuous contact with the child, even much more than the parents on some occasions, so our figure is fundamental for the correct diagnosis of this disorder. I think that if a child with ADHD is lately diagnosed its school performance will be affected, since no solutions have been made for an improvement of this.
Also, the child approach to this in my opinion is a wrong approach. It is a disorder that I have highlighted above is chronic. When you get to adulthood, this disorder still has, so it is also important to follow up on those adults who have ADHD.
As for unfavorable situations, I agree that family problems can harm the child. Parents must support each other in order to help the child in everything he needs, and thus face the social criticisms that can be made about their child. That is, the parental agreement is a very important aspect in the academic performance of the child.
conclusion
To finish this essay, I must comment that ignorance about ADHD continues to prevail and that this must be changed to help children who have this disorder.
Bibliography
- Family context analysis in children with ADHD. (2008, October 1). Retrieved October 16, 2019, from https: // www.TDX.Cat/Handle/10803/10230
- Pascual Castroviejo, I. (2008) Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). Neuropediatría, Madrid http: // www.Acanpadah.Org/Documents/aep _-_ protocols_diagnostic_terapeuticos_de_.Nerurology_pediatric.PDF
- Quintero Gutiérrez del Alamo. F, lauffer straps. J, Quintero Lumbreras. F (2009). Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout life. Elsevier Spain, S.L.
- Servera Barceló, M (7-11 July 2008). EVALUATION OF THE MAIN AND ASSOCIATED Symptomatology. University of Burgos. https: // www.Researchgate.net/profile/mateu_servera/publication/242721314_evaluacion_de_la_sintomatologia_principal_y_asociada_al_tdah_bases_para_un_diagnosticos/links/00b7d52e697f9eb847000000/evaluation-of-la-la-sintomatologia-ancipal-au.PDF
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